Learning to argue as a biotechnologist: disprivileging opposition to genetically modified food

In the public discussion of genetically modified (GM) food the representations of science as a social good, conducted in the public interest to solve major problems are being subjected to intense scrutiny and questioning. Scientists working in these areas have been seen to struggle for the position of science in society. However few in situ studies of how the debate about science appears in learning situations at the university level have been undertaken. In the present study an introductory course in biotechnology was observed during one semester, lectures and small group supervision concerning GM food were videotaped and student’s reports on the issue were collected. The ethnographic approach to Discourse analysis was conducted by means of a set of carefully selected and representative observations of how a group of students learn to argue and appropriate views held in the Discourse they are enculturated into. While socio-scientific issues (SSIs) are often associated with achieving scientific literacy in terms of “informed decisions” involving “rational thought and Discourse” this study shows that SSI in practice, in the context studied here, is primarily concerned with using scientific language to privilege professional understandings of GMOs and discredit public worries and concerns. Scientific claims were privileged over ethical, economical and political claims which were either made irrelevant or rebutted. The students were seen to appropriate a Discourse model held in the biotechnological community that public opposition towards GMO is due to “insufficient knowledge”. The present study offers insights into biotechnology students’ decision making regarding socio-scientific issues, while also demonstrating the utility of Discourse analysis for understanding learning in this university context. Implications for reflection on the institutional Discourse of science and teaching of controversial issues in science are drawn and the study contributes to the investigation of claims of scientific literacy coupled to SSIs and argumentation     

基于隐喻认知理论的英语词汇教学研究

英语词汇的意义演变是通过隐喻的方式进行的。作为认知和语言的纽带,隐喻认知在词汇教学中具有不可或缺的地位。通过对隐喻认知理论的阐述,提出将隐喻认知理论应用于英语词汇教学中,以提高英语词汇教学效率。     

对贯彻落实《关于加强图书馆著作权保护工作的通知》精神的思考

国家四部委联合发布的《关于加强图书馆著作权保护工作的通知》是新中国历史上相关部门针对图书馆著作权问题的第一份专门文件,不仅有其深刻的现实背景,而且对图书馆工作和图书馆事业的发展意义重大而长远。在图书馆贯彻《通知》精神,切实保护著作权,应该树立法制、风险、规则、提高、教育、管理、监督等意识,把对策与措施落到实处,收到实效。     

Bologna in Context: a horizontal perspective on the dynamics of governance sites for a Europe of Knowledge

This article presents a horizontal perspective on the dynamics of governance sites currently active for the European of Knowledge and places the Bologna process in this wider European level context. It introduces two dynamics of change in political organisation: a) institutional differentiation and specialisation and b) the interaction between institutional spheres and sectors. Signs of sectoral differentiation are identified in the history of European integration that is relevant to the Europe of Knowledge. The argument is that the nature and sequence of the differentiation process are key to understand current governance processes. It is illustrated by showing how a horizontal dynamics has been played out in the case of the EU's Lisbon strategy and in particular the cooperation taking place in the framework of the EU's “Education and Training 2010” work programme. The analysis shows how the Bologna process, although perpetuated as a sector internal governance site, has co-evolved and interacted with this strategy, partly as an object of emulation and source of support and partly as a competing governance site. A horizontal dynamics of change is also evident in the larger Lisbon strategy as it lifted research and higher education policy to the centre of the European integration project. It resulted in the development of several governance sites with different foci targeting European higher education. A more prominent place on the political agenda came together with demands that research and education should be integrated with the overall political and economic objectives of the EU.     

Navigating between an emic and an etic approach in ethnographic research. Crucial aspects and strategies when communicating critical results to participants

There is a fundamental tension in ethnographic research between trying to understand participants from within their own perspective and viewing them with greater distance. With this in mind, the aim of this article is to describe how a reflexive communication model was developed during the study of El Sistema Gothenburg, and to discuss aspects and strategies that are crucial when navigating between an emic and an etic approach. It is argued that by reflexive communication, researchers can make their results useful for participants and that reflecting upon the relationship is even more important when communicating critique. With the help of this model, communication of critical results was facilitated by the establishment of an integrative approach that combined the insiders’ and outsiders’ perspectives and was based on the formation of a strong relationship between the researchers and the participants, as well as by the participants’ own cultivation of theoretical understanding.     

Knowing and teaching kinaesthetic experience in skateboarding: an example of sensory emplacement

The body has become a vital research object in several disciplines in recent years. Indeed, in the social sciences and humanities, a corporeal turn in which embodiment has become a key concept related to learning and socialisation is discussed. This cross-disciplinary paper addresses the epistemological question of how we know what we know and theoretically and empirically contributes to current arguments of a shift from embodiment to emplacement. In other words, this study strives for understanding of the intersection of mind, body and place through a focus on how bodily knowing is formed as part of a moving world. The purpose of the paper is to explore the kinaesthetic experience as bodily knowing in emplaced semi-formal teaching. Through long-term ethnography in a Swedish skateboard setting and in-depth analysis of digital visual material, this paper demonstrates how kinaesthetic experience might be viewed as knowing and how a particular type of this experience might be interpreted as explosiveness and, as such, an act of physical remembrance and energy transformation. Knowing is formed along paths of movement and rhythm, and kinaesthesia is identified as a multisensory experience. It is argued that a fruitful way of bridging the mind–body divide is to view the body as un/knowing, rendering it both knowing and not knowing simultaneously. Moreover, emplaced via its senses in a sociocultural and spatio-temporal environment, this conceptualisation of a moving body in a moving world might allow for re-thinking regarding how a body in context knows, teaches and, possibly, learns.     

民族传统体育的振兴与文化创新

作为一种文化，中华民族传统体育有自己的传统文化根底，但能否前瞻性地应对生存和发展问题，需要作出符合文化的时代性选择。充分发扬其内在的精神活力，大力吸收西方的和其他民族的优秀文化，调整其不适应现代社会发展的部分，并对传统的体育文化进行创新性诠释，形成健康的文化氛围，建立可持续发展战略，营建内在的发展动力，是振兴中华民族传统体育的关键。     

论错觉对跳高教学效果的影响

在跳高教学中，视错觉导致学生不良的心理反应是众所周知的，这无疑是影响教学效果的一个重要因素。通过试验，对跳高教学中的视错觉的成因，以及对跳高成绩的影响作了初步的研究。     

论中学生篮球活动中的心理卫生与保健

对篮球活动中可能引起中学生心理应激的各个方面进行了深入分析，并针对性地提出了心理保健措施。     

1995-2000年我国篮球教学研究现状与特点

对１９９５－２０００我国体育期刊上有关篮球教学研究的论文查阅、统计、分析后认为对篮球教学目的任务的认识更全面，教学模式呈现多元化，教学方法的研究更为深入，相关学科在篮球教学中的应用也更为广泛。