Challenges for adult skill formation in the globalising learning economy – a European perspective

The globalising learning economy driven by more intense competition and the wide use of information and communication technologies is characterised by rapid change in technologies and markets. At the level of labour markets and within enterprises, this is reflected in continuous change in skill requirements for employees. This is true for all parts of the world economy. In this paper, the focus is on Europe and developments in the first decade of the new millennium. The major challenge for Europe is to counter the inherent trend, reinforced by the crisis, towards unequal access to learning both in work and in education. Without a new new deal that gives privileged access to vocational education and training for those with little education, the economic performance of Europe will be undermined. Such a new new deal must be a fundamental element in the effort to lift Europe out of its current crisis.     

我校大学生田径运动损伤的成因及预防

通过对西安外国语学院1038名学生中的109名田径运动损伤的寻访、调研、分析，发现造成损伤的原因是思想麻痹大意；缺少准备活动或准备活动不科学：环境条件不良等。其预防措施是消除麻痹思想；注意循序渐进和区别对待；重视做好准备活动等。     

Approaches to Learning,Cognitive Style,and Motives as Predictors of Academic Achievement

The purpose of the present study was to analyse the relationship between approaches to learning (deep, strategic, and surface), cognitive style, motives, and academic achievement. A sample of 192 undergraduate psychology students with a mean age of 21.7 years participated. Motives and styles were related to the three approaches to learning in theoretically meaningful ways. Moreover, approaches to learning were found to predict academic achievement, while styles and motives only had indirect effects on achievement. Among the approaches to learning, the deep approach unexpectedly did not predict achievement, while the surface and strategic approaches as expected significantly predicted achievement.     

Contract arrangements in the Nordic countries—solving the efficiency/effectiveness dilemma?

Steering higher education through the establishment of a “contract” between the state and the individual higher education institution is becoming an increasingly popular way of regulating the relationship between the two actors in the Nordic countries. This article addresses some theoretical foundations for this approach derived from principal/agent theory and analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of established contract arrangements in Finland, Sweden, and Denmark. The article discusses the potential of using such arrangements in relation to the efficiency/effectiveness dilemma. It is emphasized that trust is vital in solving this dilemma and that the balance between the need for public accountability, the efficient regulation of higher education, and institutional change must be given high priority in refining existing contractual arrangements.     

《艺术哲学》研究补白

丹纳是一位具有世界影响的文艺理论家和文艺批评家。他的理论至今还影响着美学界和文艺批评界。回顾丹纳研究的历史 ,指出这一研究的缺憾——即是对丹纳文艺批评理论及其实践的忽视。《艺术哲学》对文艺作品文本不仅有哲学的和历史的兴趣 ,而且对文本的艺术手段有浓厚的美学兴趣。他建构了文艺批评三原则——特征重要的程度、特征有益的程度、艺术效果的集中程度 ,以及依据这些原则进行的文艺批评实践。它使我们切身领略了一位伟大的文艺史学家和文艺批评家的风采     

溶气气浮法处理炼油循环水排污水研究

为了确定混凝气浮法处理炼油循环水排污水的可行性,在几种常用混凝剂中通过试验选定无机混凝剂PAC,配合有机PAM使用,再通过正交试验确定混凝剂的最佳使用条件,在此条件下通过试验确定混凝沉淀法的效果,最后用混凝——气浮法处理炼油循环水旁滤反冲水,结果表明使用混凝——气浮法处理这种废水并回用可以满足要求且有明显优势。     

浅谈规范发展非全日制研究生教育

借鉴英美发达国家相对成熟的经验 ,我国应整合现行的多种研究生教育形式 ,明确界定非全日制研究生教育的内涵 ,确立非全日制与全日制研究生教育并驾齐驱的地位 ,并打开两者之间的通道 ,使全日制与非全日制研究生教育共同构成完整的研究生教育体系     

Ways of relating to computer use in pre‐school activity

In the present study, three different pre‐school settings were investigated. The dual aim of the study was to analyse the teachers’ ways of relating to the computer as a tool in pre‐school activity, and to describe the three learning environments focusing upon how the computer was used. Data were collected at three Swedish pre‐schools, where one computer was available in each department. Three ways of relating to computer use were identified: as a threat to other activities, as an available option, and as an essential activity. A relationship was found between these categories and the three learning environments, characterized respectively as protective, supporting, and guiding.     

School Mobility and Achievement for Children Placed and Not Placed in Out-of-home Care

ABSTRACT

The aim was to investigate the effects of school mobility on achievement in compulsory school in Sweden for children in out-of-home care (OHC) and not in OHC (NOHC). Register data on background variables from four birth cohorts in the cohort-sequential longitudinal project ETF was relied upon, along with student performance on a test of cognitive ability, and school grades according to the leaving certificate. Yearly data concerning school mobility also was available. Results showed that relocation was associated with lower grades for both the OHC and the NOHC groups. The mean effect of one school relocation was 5 percentiles lower grades, but the effect of relocation was twice as large at the end of compulsory school. Given a higher frequency of relocation for children in OHC, they were more negatively affected. School mobility thus is one of several factors which contribute to the poor school achievement of children in OHC.     

Features of an Emerging Practice and Professional Development in a Science Teacher Team Collaboration with a Researcher Team

This study concerns teaching and learning development in science through collaboration between science teachers and researchers. At the core was the ambition to integrate research outcomes of science education—here ‘didactic models’—with teaching practice, aligned with professional development. The phase where the collaboration moves from initial establishment towards a stable practice is investigated. The study aims to identifying features of formation and exploring consequences for the character of contact between research and teaching. Specific questions are “What may be identified as actions and arrangements impacting the quality and continuation of the emerging practice?” and “What and in what ways may support teacher growth?” The analysis draws on practice architectures as a theoretical framework and specifically investigates the initial meetings as a practice-node for a new practice, empirically drawing on documented reflections on science teaching, primarily from meetings and communication. The results take the form of an analytical-narrative account of meetings that focused planning, enactment and reflection on teaching regarding the human body. We identify enabling actions such as collaborative work with concrete material from the classroom and arrangements such as the regular meetings and that the collaborative group had a core of shared competence—in science teaching and learning. Constraining were actions such as introducing research results with weak connection to practical action in the school practice and arrangements such as differences between school and university practice architectures and the general ‘oppression’ of teachers’ classroom practice. The discussion includes reflections on researchers’ roles and on a research and practice base for school development.