为什么硅谷能够持续产生颠覆性创新?——基于企业创新生态系统视角的分析

硅谷被公认为是创新和增长的代名词,也是全球重要的颠覆性创新中心之一,苹果、英特尔、谷歌等硅谷企业更是行业翘楚。如何解释硅谷能够持续性产生颠覆性创新这一现象？结合现实需求和研究缺口,试图运用案例研究方法来破解硅谷企业通过创新生态系统持续实现颠覆性创新的密码。首先回顾了硅谷的起源,并描绘了硅谷由企业牵引的创新演进轨迹。其次,归纳了近20年来硅谷企业的代表性颠覆性创新的基本特征,并提炼了影响这些颠覆性创新的共性要素。研究结果表明：（1）构建新颖且强大的企业创新生态系统,是推动硅谷企业从“后发者”到“颠覆者”的关键路径;（2）嵌入平台化思维和模块化逻辑,是提升硅谷企业创新生态系统独特性的重要机制。文章最后给出了研究结论并凝练了若干管理启示,可为当前积极探索颠覆性创新的我国企业提供参考。     

应用尝试教学方法培养学生四个意识

近几年来,我应用尝试教学方法从事自然实验课的教学,从多方面给学生创造独立思考、主动研究探索、分析问题解决问题的情境和条件,使学生从被动学习转为主动学习,充分发挥     

Exercised blood plasma promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in the Alzheimer's disease rat brain

Background:Exercise training promotes brain plasticity and is associated with protection against cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).These beneficial effects may be partly mediated by blood-borne factors.Here we used an in vitro model of AD to investigate effects of blood plasma from exercise-trained donors on neuronal viability,and an in vivo rat model of AD to test whether such plasma impacts cognitive function,amyloid pathology,and neurogenesis.Methods:Mouse hippocampal neuronal ...     

“美国国防高级研究计划局”（DARPA）如何跨越“死亡之谷”?

“死亡之谷”是发明到产品之间的鸿沟,“美国高级研究计划局”（DARPA）在短短50多年时间里,为世界带来了互联网、GPS等技术与产品,常常成功跨越鸿沟。从产业发展角度,跨越“死亡之谷”需要物质、智力和社会等三种资本,还要跨越技术培育和转移各个关键阶段。DARPA利用其独特的政治地位、雄厚的资金和有远见的战略思想,依靠优秀项目官员、办公室主任和局长的协同合作,以及长年培育的“DARPA社区”,一次次成功跨越“死亡之谷”。近年,DARPA为缩短跨越“死亡之谷”的时间,还采取了“众包”等一系列新举措,最后总结了DARPA成功跨越“死亡之谷”的关键。     

民间舆论场域中失效的议程设置与极化的网络群体 ——基于 “江歌事件”新浪微博数据的内容分析

【目的/意义】随着网络科技的不断进步,官方主流媒体的舆论压力与日俱增,通过对2017年的热点“江歌 事件”进行分析,结合议程设置探讨其中网络群体出现的极化现象,了解其深层次内涵,对今后媒体的舆论引导提 供借鉴意义。【方法/过程】利用微博数据进行内容分析,并结合本文分析的方法以及舆论环境和相关的理论对整个 事件发展进行剖析。【结果/结论】可以得出,媒介议程对受众议程存在较大影响并呈反相关系,议题驱动和较低的 导向需求是议程失效的原因,单一属性的议程会将受众偏激的态度引向极化。     

The measurement of proprioceptive accuracy: A systematic literature review

Background:Proprioceptive accuracy refers to the individual’ s ability to perceive proprioceptive information,that is,the information referring to the actual state of the locomotor system,which originates from mechanoreceptors located in various parts of the locomotor system and from tactile receptors located in the skin.Proprioceptive accuracy appears to be an important aspect in the evaluation of sensorimotor functioning;however,no widely accepted standard assessment exists.In this systematic ...     

Metabolic and performance responses of male runners wearing 3 types of footwear: Nike Vaporfly 4%, Saucony Endorphin racing flats,and their own shoes

Purpose:We compared running economy(RE) and 3-km time-trial(TT) variables of runners wearing Nike Vaporfly 4%(VP4),Saucony Endorphin lightweight racing flats(FLAT),and their habitual running(OWN) footwear.Methods:Eighteen male recreational runners(age=33.5± 11.9 year(mean± SD),peak oxygen uptake(VO_{2 peak})=55.8± 4.4 mL/kg·min)attended 4 sessions approximately 7 days apart.The first session consisted of a VO_{2 peak} test to inform subsequent RE speeds set at 60%,70%,and 80% of ...     

Association of accelerometer-derived step volume and intensity with hospitalizations and mortality in older adults: A prospective cohort study

Purpose:This study aimed to examine the associations of accelerometer-derived steps volume and intensity with hospitalizations and all-cause mortality in older adults.Methods:This prospective cohort study involved 768 community-dwelling Spanish older adults(78.8±4.9 years,mean±SD;53.9% females)from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging(2012-2017).The number of steps per day and step cadence(steps/min) were derived from a hip-mounted accelerometer worn for at least 4 days at baseline.Participants we...