美国国家档案馆:保存历史 走近国民

今天我与大家交流美国国家档案馆(NARA)在保存历史和开放档案中面临的挑战以及我们正在通过怎样的方式将美国公众与他们的档案建立起联系。一、政务公开对档案工作的影响奥巴马总统在就职第一天就发表了关于政务公开倡议的演讲,他在最近发表的     

这是恐狗狗

第二天,杰克和小程带两只狗去公园。 恐狗狗忽然停止游戏,站着一动也不动。它在听什么声音。杰克和小程也在听。     

Molecular Characterization of Iranian Patients with Possible Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder of lipoprotein metabolism caused mainly by mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and apolipoprotein B 100 (APOB) genes. Until now, the molecular basis of FH has been demonstrated in detail in many populations, but there is still very limited Molecular data concerning FH in Iran. The aim of this study was to characterize the LDLR and APOB gene mutations in an Iranian population. A total of 30 non-related Iranian possible FH subjects were studied. Diagnosis of FH was based on the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network diagnostic criteria. All samples were initially tested for three common APOB gene mutations including R3500Q, R3500 W and R3531C using PCR-RFLP assay. Subsequently, promoter and coding region of the LDLR gene was screened by PCR-SSCP analysis and positive results were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Four previously reported polymorphisms 1413G > A, 1725C > T, 1773T > C and 2140 + 5G > A were found in ~17% (5/30) of population studied. Moreover, no variation was found in APOB gene. Our data indicated that LDLR and APOB gene mutations have not contribution to possible FH in Iranian population studied here. However, we examined three common APOB mutations and LDLR in only 30 patients, and to determine the role of these genes in developing FH in Iran, more FH samples and populations needed to be investigated for the mutations of the related genes.     

Serum total PSA and free PSA in breast tumors

Now a days measurement of molecular forms of PSA has gained importance in clinical practice. Several studies have demonstrated the production of PSA in female tissues, such as breast. The present piece of work has been undertaken with an objective to estimate the relative proportion of the molecular forms of PSA in serum along with serum testosterone in benign and malignant breast tumor cases and to analyze their association with the severity of the disease process 34 malignant and 26 benign breast disease cases along with 33 healthy controls of same age group were enrolled in this study for evaluation. Serum testosterone was measured by ELISA, whereas serum total PSA (TPSA) and free PSA (FPSA) were estimated by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. A significant rise of fasting plasma glucose along with prominent dyslipidemia was observed in breast tumor cases. Marked rise in serum testosterone as well as TPSA and FPSA was documented in both benign and malignant breast tumor cases. Serum testosterone revealed a significant positive association with both TPSA and FPSA pointing towards an etiological association between them. However, surgical removal of tumor mass resulted in a marked decline of presurgical value of both TPSA and FPSA with a non-significant fall in serum testosterone revealing tumor tissue as the source of FPSA and TPSA. Thus, estimation of PSA provides prognostic information that may assist in future treatment.     

Are we using Thyroid Function Tests Appropriately?

Thyroid function tests are very important for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with thyroid dysfunction. The guidelines recommend serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) as the single most reliable test to diagnose all common forms of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The aim of this study was to analyze the ordering pattern for thyroid function tests by physicians and the analysis of results based on the clinical history. The mean age of the patients was 32.5 ± 6.5 years. Majority of samples (87.7% of total) were received from the departments of Medicine and Gynae. Thyroid profiles (47.5%) were ordered more frequently as compared to TSH only (46%). There was no significant difference in the percentage of normal reports for both types of tests. 77.8% of TFT and 76.6% of TSH samples had results within the reference range. The percentage of abnormal results was 13.7% in the patients who were screened for thyroid disorders. There is a need to redefine the case definition for thyroid dysfunction and order the appropriate test in a rational and cost effective manner.     

离开地球

“我不明白,为了一艘愚蠢的飞船,我们为什么要离开地球？”我10岁大的女儿特洛伊抱怨道。在我们把财产装上分配给我们的穿梭机的过程中,她一直都在发牢骚,破坏了所有的喜悦气氛。     

通过牙齿听广播？

在都市奇谈中,有一种说法是人们有时候能通过牙齿听到广播。虽然这种故事常常被认为是异想天开虚构出来的,但美国牙科协会说,那些年,几乎每个月都有人向他们咨询这个问题,从此类似传闻就接连不断,屡屡出现。     

一只羱羊

我小时候,家住在村头。我很喜欢睡在房顶上,在这里什么都可以听得见,还可以看得很远。村子左边是一片光秃秃的荒沙地;右边和后面都是果园;正面是一条很深的山沟,山沟里奔流着—道溪水。 一天,天还不亮流水声就把我唤醒了。我望着外面,忽然发现山沟那边有什么东西闪了一下。