Parents' of deaf children evaluative accounts of the process and practice of universal newborn hearing screening

This article presents results from a narrative interview study of 45 parents/caregivers whose infants were correctly identified as deaf through Phase 1 of the Newborn Hearing Screening Programme in England. It concerns the period from the first screening event to the point of referral for audiological assessment. It focuses on the meanings parents attribute to the inconclusive message that the screen delivers and analyzes what it is that differentiates parents for whom such an outcome raises little concern from those who express dissatisfaction. Parents' evaluations of specific features of screening practice and process such as communication style and manner are also considered. It ends with a discussion of the status and validity of parents' accounts within the context of an evaluation of a national screening program and the further development of professional practice.     

园长正年轻

福建漳浦实验幼儿园这几年成绩不凡。1994年通过福建省标准园评估验收,1998年获省文明学校、省先进幼儿园荣誉称号,1992年自筹资金、兴建漳州市第一幢幼儿园教职工住宅综合楼……俗话说,三个女人一台戏。何况是70多位女性在一起,更何况她们大都能歌善舞、伶牙俐齿。看来,这支“演员队伍”质优——几乎全是中专以上学历,量足——可排“20多台戏”。做这支队伍的“总导演”是很不简单的。“总导演”叫陈少丽,1991年8月,未满25岁的她走     

Imitation in Infancy: Rational or Motor Resonance?

The present study investigates the contribution of 2 mechanisms to imitation in infancy. The principle of rational action suggests that infants normatively evaluate the efficiency of observed actions. In contrast, it has been proposed that motor resonance (i.e., the mapping of others' actions onto one's own motor repertoire) plays a central role in imitation. This study tested 14-month-old infants (n = 95) in 5 conditions and manipulated the extent to which the observed actions could be matched onto the infants' own motor repertoire as well as whether the observed behavior appeared to be efficient. The results suggest that motor resonance plays a more central role in imitation in infancy than does a rational evaluation of the observed action.     

懂一点知识 学一点方法-说明文阅读技巧指要

与文学作品的阅读比较而言,说明文阅读更注重对原文的把握,因此,说明文的阅读就像文章本身一样,更科学更客观。阅读时,我们需要在掌握一定的文体知识的基础上,了解一点信息提取、语言分析与探究表达的技巧,就一一定能在解题时获取满分。     

作視導報告的經驗

怎樣作視導報告書和建議書,對於許多視導員來講,直到现在還是個困難問题。每一個视導員不僅想知道對视導報告書應該提出什麼要求,而且想知道應該用什麼方式去作報告書。比如說:報告書內是否應包括描述情况的部分還是只包括結論?怎樣作出結論以及是否應附以誑明和實例?報告書的內容範圍應該有哪些?是否须有一定的格式和一定的排列層次? 對以上這些問題是有些一不同的看法的。有些視導員認為:在報告書裏面對於教學情况和學生的知識質量應儘可能地加以分析,以便在裏面不僅可以看出來一般的概括情况,還可以找到實際的材料和實例。另有一部分視導員認為:視導報告書應儘可能地求其簡明,有結論和建議事項就够了。前者所持的觀點是:視導報告書是說明學校教學工作的一個基本文件,而且是在製作各種調查表或統計報告表時能够加以利用的。後者的論點是:因為視導員是出差工作,時間有限,無法作出很詳細的報告,所以報告書應該採取簡明的方式,至於建議事項是應該具體些和實際些。比較詳細的材料可記在視導員的日記裏或記在他的簡要記錄本內。許多視導員認為作報告不必按一定的格式,報告書的內容是表明情况的,就是說它是表明每一學校具體的工作情况的。還有一些視導員     

Causal and predictive-value judgments,but not predictions,are based on cue-outcome contingency

In three experiments, we show that people respond differently when they make predictions as opposed to when they are asked to estimate the causal or the predictive value of cues: Their response to each of those three questions is based on different sets of information. More specifically, we show that prediction judgments depend on the probability of the outcome given the cue, whereas causal and predictivevalue judgments depend on thecue-outcome contingency. Although these results might seem problematic for most associative models in their present form, they can be explained by explicitly assuming the existence of postacquisition processes that modulate participants’ responses in a flexible way.     

对峙背后的联姻——论结构主义与后结构主义教育思想

结构主义和后结构主义是西方20世纪50年代以来相继出现的重要学术思潮,对教育思想的研究产生了很大影响,尤其是后结构主义教育思想,为当代教育改革提供了有效的理论依据。后结构主义从结构主义发展而来,它们表面上看似对峙,但实质上存在着紧密的联系。在结构主义教育思想里面,解构的萌芽已经出现;在后结构主义思想里面,结构主义的影子还没有消除。正像一块硬币的正反两面,结构主义与后结构主义难舍难分,共同为教育思想的研究提供了某种行之有效的工具和手段。     

Gastric motility functional study based on electrical bioimpedance measurements and simultaneous electrogastrography

For some time now, the research on gastric motility and function has fallen behind in the amount of research on gastric endocrine, exocrine secretion, and gastric morphology. In this paper, a noninvasive method to study gastric motility was developed, taking bioimpedance measurements over the gastric area simultaneously with the electrogastrography (EGG). This is based on the concept of observing and analyzing simultaneously the intrinsic electrical gastric activity (basic electric rhythm) and the mechanical gastric activity. Additionally, preliminary clinical studies of healthy subjects and subjects with functional dyspepsia (FD) and gastritis were carried out. The impedance gastric motility (IGM) measurements of the healthy and FD subjects were compared, along with the studies of the FD subjects before treatment and after one week and three weeks of treatment. We also compared IGM measurements of healthy subjects and subjects with erosive gastritis, along with the studies of the subjects with erosive gastritis before treatment and after one week of treatment. Results show that FD subjects have poor gastric motility (P<0.01). After a week of treatment, the gastric motility of FD subjects was not yet improved although the EGG had returned to normal by this time. By three weeks of treatment, the regular IGM rhythm returned in FD subjects. There was a significant difference of IGM parameters between the gastritis and healthy subjects (P<0.05). The EGG rhythm of the gastritis subjects returned to normal at one week post-treatment, while IGM parameters showed a trend to improvement (P>0.05), These results suggest the possibility of clinic application of the proposed method.     

The peer group as a context: moderating effects on relations between maternal parenting and social and school adjustment in chinese children

This 2-year longitudinal study examined, in a sample of Chinese children (initial M age = 11 years), the moderating effects of the peer group on relations between maternal supportive parenting and social and school adjustment. Data were collected from multiple sources including peer assessments, teacher ratings, school records, and maternal reports. It was found that whereas group prosocial-cooperative functioning strengthened the role of supportive parenting in helping children develop social and school competence, group antisocial-destructive functioning undermined the contributions of supportive parenting to children's social and academic achievement. The results indicated the significance of the peer group as a social context for socialization and development in Chinese children.     

小鸟和死亡

这是一只小鸟,不管雾有多浓,他都能轻快地飞到平时栖息的鸟巢。他将尖尖的鸟喙伸进翅膀,就那么睡了。他一点儿也不担心什么就睡着了,只有热血在慢慢变冷,脉搏也跳动得越来越微弱,到了半夜,或者是清晨,他就从鸟巢上掉了下来——死了。