欧洲重拳出击挑战Google

导语：由法德两国联合推动，诞生于去年四月的欧洲搜索引擎研发计划，即将于今年夏天投入实施阶段。     

Age-related incidence curve of hospitalized Shaken Baby Syndrome cases: convergent evidence for crying as a trigger to shaking

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an age-specific incidence of hospitalized cases of Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) that has similar properties to the previously reported "normal crying curve," as a form of indirect evidence that crying is an important stimulus for SBS. DESIGN AND SETTING: The study analyzed cases of Shaken Baby Syndrome by age at hospitalization from hospital discharge data for California hospitals from October 1996 through December 2000. PATIENTS: All cases of children less than 18 months (78 weeks) of age for whom the diagnostic code for Shaken Baby Syndrome (995.55) in the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification was assigned. RESULTS: There were 273 hospitalizations for SBS. Like the "normal crying curve," the curve of age-specific incidence starts at 2-3 weeks, has a clear peak, and declines to baseline by about 36 weeks of age. In contrast to the normal crying curve that peaks at 5-6 weeks, the peak of SBS hospitalizations occurs at 10-13 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The age-specific incidence curve of hospitalized SBS cases has a similar starting point and shape to the previously reported normal crying curve but the peak occurs about 4-6 weeks later. Of the likely predisposing causes, this pattern is only consistent with the properties of early crying. There are numerous explanations for the lag in the peaks between crying and SBS hospitalizations, including the possibility of repeat shakings prior to hospitalization. The importance of crying as a stimulus to SBS may provide an opportunity for preventive intervention.     

Beam steering in planar photonic crystal based on its anomalous dispersive properties

INTRODUCTION Photonic crystals (PhCs) are increasingly at- tracting attention due to their ability of controlling light propagation on a wavelength scale, by which a fascinating platform for a new generation of inte- grated optical devices and components can be pro- vided. Many studies on PhCs however, focused on new means of tailoring the emission and propagation of light using the photonic band gap (PBG) property whereby the photon density of states is zero. A PhC with a full PBG re…     

Scaling behavior of nucleotide cluster in DNA sequences

In this paper we study the scaling behavior of nucleotide cluster in 11 chromosomes of Encephalitozoon cuniculi Genome. The statistical distribution of nucleotide clusters for 11 chromosomes is characterized by the scaling behavior of P（S） ∝ e^-αs＇ where S represents nucleotide cluster size. The cluster-size distribution P（S1＋S2） with the total size of sequential C-G cluster and A-T cluster S1＋S2 were also studied. P（S1＋S2） follows exponential decay. There does not exist the case of large C-G cluster following large A-T cluster or large A-T cluster following large C-G cluster. We also discuss the relatively random walk length function L（n） and the local compositional complexity of nucleotide sequences based on a new model. These investigations may provide some insight into nucleotide cluster of DNA sequence.     

Lipschitz-Nikolskii Constants of the Baskakov Operators

In this paper,we obtain Lipschitz-Nikolskii constants for the Baskakov operators V_n(f,x)。     

Adolescents can benefit from preconception information too

Many vital embryonic changes occur very early in pregnancy, sometimes before a woman realizes that she is pregnant. Accordingly, promoting healthy behaviors in individuals of reproductive age during the period before they conceive is a viable way to promote healthy pregnancies. The Reproductive Health Program in Ontario recognizes that healthy birth outcomes are related to a broad range of factors both before conception and during pregnancy and thus promotes community-wide health strategies intended to increase the practice of behaviors conducive to healthy pregnancy in the target population. Lifestyle, fertility awareness, environmental hazards, family background and relationships, and medical history should all be addressed before pregnancy. Educating the public on preconception health issues can be done through educational series held within schools, the community, and the workplace; large-scale events such as bridal showers; premarital workshops; displays in public settings such as shopping malls; and advertisements in buses, public washrooms, newsletters, and local newspapers. Both adolescents and adults, however, need to be reached. A board game for use in a school setting or in the community at large has therefore been developed in the Waterloo Region of Canada to teach youths about the ramifications of what they are doing now on their ability to bear children in the future. The game, Your Fertile Future, is divided into three sections each reflecting a different concern in the development of a typical adolescent. Healthy eating habits, physical fitness, self-image, sexually transmitted diseases, birth control, relationship pressures, environmental hazards, and the readiness to be a parent are among issues discussed in sections on schooling, dating, and commitment.     

Gravity-oriented microfluidic device for uniform and massive cell spheroid formation

We propose a simple method for forming massive and uniform three-dimensional (3-D) cell spheroids in a multi-level structured microfluidic device by gravitational force. The concept of orienting the device vertically has allowed spheroid formation, long-term perfusion, and retrieval of the cultured spheroids by user-friendly standard pipetting. We have successfully formed, perfused, and retrieved uniform, size-controllable, well-conditioned spheroids of human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK 293) in the gravity-oriented microfluidic device. We expect the proposed method will be a useful tool to study in-vitro 3-D cell models for the proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism of embryoid bodies or tumours.     

Shrink-film microfluidic education modules: Complete devices within minutes

As advances in microfluidics continue to make contributions to diagnostics and life sciences, broader awareness of this expanding field becomes necessary. By leveraging low-cost microfabrication techniques that require no capital equipment or infrastructure, simple, accessible, and effective educational modules can be made available for a broad range of educational needs from middle school demonstrations to college laboratory classes. These modules demonstrate key microfluidic concepts such as diffusion and separation as well as "laboratory on-chip" applications including chemical reactions and biological assays. These modules are intended to provide an interdisciplinary hands-on experience, including chip design, fabrication of functional devices, and experiments at the microscale. Consequently, students will be able to conceptualize physics at small scales, gain experience in computer-aided design and microfabrication, and perform experiments-all in the context of addressing real-world challenges by making their own lab-on-chip devices.