专利权转移、空间网络与京津冀协同创新研究

本文以专利权转移为视角,运用2002-2014年京津冀13城市之间的专利权双向转移数据,论证了微观主体的专利权转移行为不仅是个体行为,还事实上通过专利转移网络的空间结构和协同关系推动了中观区域层面的协同创新网络形成,并固化了不同城市在网络中的协同角色与创新位置。主要发现有:(1)13个城市间组成的协同创新网络密度疏松且可达性高,但等级森严。(2)从网络空间结构来看,京津冀协同创新网络呈现中心型-半中心型-包容型-脆弱型的复合结构。(3)从网络协同关系来看,专利转移关联关系呈现净流出、净流入、经纪人、主受益四大板块关系特征。第一板块的关系协同机制以输出-互动-吸收为主;第二板块的关系协同机制以接收为主;第三板块的关系协同机制以接收与回流-互动-传递为主;第四板块的关系协同机制以接收和回流为主。(4)地理邻近、经济差异和行政等级差异是京津冀城市间专利转移关系网络内在结构特征和关联关系差异的重要解释因素。     

室内采暖管道安装常见的质量通病及防治方法

在室内采暖管道安装过程中，经常发生和普遍存在一些质量通病，这些质量通病不仅直接影响到工程质量和外观形象，严重的直接影响了设计本身对建筑物采暖系统的供热的效果，从而影响了室内工艺设备及其它方面对采暖供热的要求，下面就施工中经常出现的几种现象的质量通病产生的原因分析、预防措施和治理办法浅谈一下自己的看法。     

民族地区师范生公共教育学学习状况调查研究

公共教育学是师范类专业的一门公共必修课程,通过这门课的学习学生可以形成基本的教育教学理念、掌握基本的教育教学方法,提高他们教学实践的能力。文章以民族地区某高校师范生为研究对象,通过问卷调查法和访谈法分析他们对公共教育学课的学习需求、学习态度、学习行为、学习目的四个方面的基本情况,从总体上把握民族地区师范生公共教育学学习状况。     

芍药属的研究(1)——国产几个野生种核型的报道

In the present paper 8 species with 15 populations of the genus Paeonia L. (if P. papaveracea and P. japonica are recognised as species) were collected from Sichuan, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces (see the Appendix for detail of the materials).  The micrographs of their somatic metaphase (also Mii in the case of P.veitchii) are shown in Plates 1-4, the karyo- type formulae, ranges of chromosome length and classification of karyotypes according to Steb- bins (1971) are shown in Table 5: the idiograms in Figs. 1-2, and the parameters of chromo- somes in Table 1-4.  The essential points are mentioned as follows:        (1)   Chromosomes of the various species in the section Modan have so far been examined and they are all diploid, the two species in the section Onaepia are also diploid, and thus tetraploids exist only in the section Paeonia.        (2)  Chromosomes in the genus Paeonia are relatively stable except for the differentiation of ploidy.  The karyotypes (Table 1-4) show no differences among different taxa in Sect. Modan and the same can also be said about the taxa in Sect. Paeonia (Table 1).  Not only are the karyotypes very similar, but also among the members within  either section have the same parameters of chromosomes, and, differences, if occur, are not statistically significant. Between the two sections, however, the situation is different. The arm ratios of the first pairs of chromosomes in Sect. Modan are 1.53, 1.52 and 1.48 (Table 1), but those in Sect. Paeonia are 1.12-1.28 (Table 2-4), 95% confidence limits are 1.46-1.60 for the section Modan and 1.07-1.28 (1.21-1.35 only for PB85078) for the section Paeonia, not overlapping, which indi- cates that the two sections have differentiated in respect of the first pairs of chromosomes.        (3)The population PB85024, which belongs to the P. obovata complex, has a karyotype of 2B (stebbins, 1971), which is a new one in the genus Paeonia. This karyotype is a stable one, for several individuals in the population are uniform in this respect, which shows that Steb- bins’ (1971) generalization that all the species in Paeonia have 2A does not hold true.        (4)  Three populations of P. obovata complex studied in this work from Sichuan and Shaanxi are all tetraploids, and one from Hebei is a diploid.  From the present work and the previcus reports, the materials from Japan and Korea, no matter whether flowers are pink or white, are diploids, those from Heilongjiang Province (with both pink and white flowers) (Liu Ming-yuan, personal communication) and from Heibei Province (with pink flowers) in China are also diploids, the one from Sakhalin (pink flowers) is tetraploid, those from Priamur of the Soviet Union are a tetraploid (with white flowers) and a diploid (with pink flowers), and those from Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) and western Sichuan (with both pink and white flowers) are all tetraploids.  As far as we have now known, ploidy in this parti- cular complex is correlated with the geographical distribution: diploids are found in the cen- tral part, tetraploids occur in the northern limits, and in the south  letraploids are the only cytotype.      (5)  The materials of P. mairei from western Sichuan and Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) are found all to be tetraploids, which shows that two cytotypes, diploid and tetraploid, exist in this  species,  but the geographical distribution pattern of these two cytotypes is to be revealed in the future investigation.     

南海北部早第三纪流沙港组孢粉组合

In the northern part of South China Sea, including Tonkin Gulf, Hainan lsland, Leizhon Peninsula and some basin of Guangdong  Province,  Paleogene  deposits  are composed of three formations: the Weizhon, the Liushagang and the Changliu forma- tions arranged in descending order.  The paper on the palynoflora of the Weizhon Formation (early and middle Oligocene) is in press[2].  This paper deals only with the palynoflora of the Liushagang Formation, with may be divided into four main stages:       The first stage is represented by Monocolpollenites tranquillus and Crassoretitri- letes sp., assigned to early Eocene The second stage is characterized by Salixipollenites, Momipites triletipollenites and Operculumpollis.  Its age is middle Eocene.  The third stage is dominated by some species of Quercoidites  and  Ulmipollenites  and  also characterized by the presence of Platycaryapollenites  and Prominangularia  dogying- ensis, This sporo-pollen assemblage suggests a late Eocene in age.  The fouth stage is marked by profusion of some alga of brockish water, such as Rugasphera corrugia, Granodiscus gronulatus and some pollen types  of  Liquidambarpollenites   minutus, Multiporopollenites puctatus and Tricolporopollenites minutus.  The age of the last stage is assigned to early oliocene.       In generaly, the palynoflora of the Liushagang Formation is quite different from that of the Weizhou Formation.  The main types of spores and pollen are common with those found in Europe and North America of the same age, while the Weizhou Formation has many elements common both in this region and Borneo.       During Eocene and early Oligocene this area was  of continental  phase with brackish basins. At the beginning the climate was rather moist and hot, but then itbecame moist and warmtemperate.     

薄煤层软底工作面气囊与单体联合支护的技术实践

龙湖井田范围内的54^A层，煤层厚0．75m，底板有0．2m原砂质泥岩及2m厚中砂岩，回采中使用DZ0．8单体液压支柱支护，顶板来压时，单体支柱钻底，造成顶板下沉量大，且顶板破碎经常发生的切顶支柱扑倒和局部冒顶事故，不但严重威胁安全，而且单产只有0．3—0．4万t／月，初期支柱均穿铁制底鞋防止支柱钻底，但操作复杂，工效低，铁鞋管理难度大，丢失严重，不但材料费大幅度提高，而且生产管理难度大。由于54^A属上部煤层，提高54^A煤层的单产对释放其它下部煤层，保证我矿生产接续，意义非常重大，经过广泛的调查与研究，我们采用气囊与单体支柱联合支护在一采区右四片54^A采煤工作面进行试验，结果相当成功，至今已取得显著效益。     

新疆的芍药属

 The present paper deals with the genus Paeonia in Xinjiang, whose taxonomy has been confused. Based on the field observation, population sampling and the examination of herbarium specimens, a taxonomical revision is made in this paper.  Two species are recog- nized, i. e. Paeonia anomala L. and P. sinjiangensis K. Y. Pan. P. altaica K. M. Dai et T.  H.  Ying is reduced to P.  sinjiangensis and P.  hybrida (= P.  anomala var. intermedia) is reduced to P. anomala. The diagnostic characters of the two species are de- scribed and illustrated, and a map of their distribution in Xinjiang is presented. A key to these two species is provided here. 1. Roots straight, not thickened; sepals all caudate, less frequently one or very rarely two     non-caudate  ................................................  1. P. sinjiangensis K. Y. Pan. 2.  Roots fusiform or tuberous; inner three sepals non-caudate, less frequently one of them caudate  ..............................................................  2. P. anomala L. key words  Xinjiang; Paeonia; P. anomala; P. sinjiangensis; revision     

试析农村劳动力转移的意义,问题和对策

试析农村劳动力转移的意义、问题和对策李炳毅孙定东一、农村劳动力转移的积极意义农村劳动力向沿海及中心城市转移，是市场经济发展的必然趋势，是农村经济向市场化转轨的客观要求，也是农民急需致富的必然行动，在某种意义上说，体现了时代的进步和观念的更新。事实上，...