毫微用品：家庭智能化的经典

美国硅谷绘图工作站的科学家们,为未来的家庭生活设计出一系列新奇独特的毫微制品,这些居家用品将在未来的家具市场上流光溢彩、独领风骚。它们带给我们的,不仅是空前的创意、新颖的款式、齐全的功能、完善的性能和高品位的享受,而且更是居家理念的一场划时代革命。每一件毫微制品仿佛都是为自己量身定做的,最大程度地支持、满足了个性化需求,     

大脑与情感（之二）：笑的研究

如果进化仅仅符合适者生存的法则，那么为什么我们会在群体中这么频繁地相互开玩笑来取乐呢?有关大脑的新研究表明，笑的这种激励机制是使人成为高级社会动物的催化剂。     

蜘蛛抱蛋属的细胞分类学研究Ⅱ

文章报道了13种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的染色体核型，并对属内核型进化规律作了总结。作者认为随体染色体和第1对染色体可以作为本属核型的特征染色体。染色体数目变异与花部式样密切相关。本属植物原始的染色体基数为x=19。此外，对非整倍性变异的主要机制也进行了讨论。     

孔药花属(鸭跖草科)的核型研究

 本文首次对鸭跖草科孔药花属Porandra Hong进行染色体研究。孔药花P．ramosa Hong和攀缘孔药花P．scandens Hong在染色体的大小、数目和形态上都十分相似，核型公式为2n＝36＝4m+26sm+6st(2sat)，核型类型属于3B。染色体证据支持孔药花属与穿鞘花属Amischotolype和Coleotrype属相近的观点。     

百合科细胞分类学研究——(2)浙江产8属8种的染色体数目和核型报道

本文对浙江产的Disporum sessile， Tricyrtis macropodo，  Scilla rcilloides，Ophiopogon japoni-   cus,Liriope platyphylla和Allium macrostemon的核型作了分析，并报道了Polygonatum odoratum   和Asparagus cochinchinensis 的单倍体染色体数目。其中绝大多数为国产材料的首次记载。     

百合科细胞分类学研究(1)——重楼等6属10种的核型报道

本文对陕西、四川和河北的Paris 2种，Cardiocrinum giganteum, Smilacina 2种，Allium     2种，  Asparagus 2种，以及Convallaria majalis 的核型作了分析，其中Paris polyphylla var.     latifolia，  Smilacina henryi 和 Allium  ovalifolium 的染色体报道为第一次。  首次发现Perisverticillata 中四倍体细胞宗的存在。本文对Paris的核型、地理分布和分类作了分析讨论。     

刺萼参属——桔梗科一新属及其系统位置

Echicocodon  Hong (Wahlenbergieae);  Gen. nov.      Calyx 2-5-saepe 4-fidus;  lobis utrinque 2-4-lobulis spiniformibus praeditis. Corolla tu- bulosa;  ad medium parterm (3-) 4 (-5)-lobata. Stamina (3-) 4 (-5);  libera;  sed inter se eonniventia; filamentis basi parum expansis. Ovarium fere inferum;  3-5-1oculare; stig- mata 3-5;  demum recurva;  linearia; ovula ∞. Capsula globosa;  3-5-locularis;  spice locu- licide dehiscens;  valvis calycis lobis alternantibus. Semina ∞ ;  minima;  ellipsoidea;  obtuse tri- quetra.——Herbae perennes;  lactesentes;  radicibus palaribus crassiusculis. Folia alterna;  pin- natipartita. Flores solitarii terminalesque vel 2-3 in cymam conferti.      Genus monotypicum;  in provincia Hubei Sinae cresens.      Typus generis: Echinocodon lobophyllus Hong.      Echinocodon lobophyllus    Hong;  sp. nov. plate 1      Herbae diffusae;  omnino glabrae;  radicibus palaribus ad 5 mm crassis. Caulis ad 40 cm longus;  ramosissimus. Folia alterna;  petiolis 5-10 mm longis;  laminis ellipticis;  5-20 mm longis;  3-15 mm latis;  basi anguste cuneatis;  apice obtusis;  pinnatisectis vel ad medium pinnatipartitis.      Flores solitarii terminales vel 2-3 in cymam conferti;  pedicellis 1-5 cm longis. Caly- cis lobi ovato-lanceolati;  2-6 mm longi;  lobulis spiniformibus exclusis 1-3 mm lati. Corol- la purpureo-caerulea;  tubulosa;  3-4.5 mm longa;  ad medium (3-)4(-5)-lobata;  lobis la- te ovato-diltoideis;  ad 3 mm latis. Stamina inter se conniventia;  filamentis liberis;  1.5 mm longis;  basi expansis;  ciliatis;  antheris oblongis;  1 mm longis. Stylus 1 mm longus; stigmata linearia;  demum recurva. Capsula globosa;  3-5 mm diam.;  sed parte supera conica et 2 mm longa. Semina minima;  luteo-fusca;  ellipsoidea;  obtuse triquetra;  0.3 mm longa.      China: Hubei Province;  Yunxi County;  near the town;  300 m alt.;  1 Jul. 1983. Ma Yu- an-jun and Hong De-yuan PB83006 (holotype;  PE); the same locality;  11 Jul. 1978;  Ma Yuan-jun 3921.      The new genus;  Echinocodon Hong;  shows its systematic position in the tribe Wahlen- bergieae by the inferior ovary and capsule which loculicidally dehisces above the calyx and is closely related to the genera Codonopsis;  Platycodon and Wahlenbergia;  from all of which it differs in having the calyx lobes with spinelike lobules and the pinnatisect or pinnatipar- tite leaves. From Codonopsis it differs also in having the linear stigma lobes; from Platyco- don also in the capsule valves alternate with the calyx lobes and from Wahlenhergia also in having the 4(5)-colpate pollen grains.       Meiosis in pollen mother cells was examined and;  8 bivalents in MI and 8 chromoso- mes in MII were always observed (Plate 2: 1-2).  The chromosomt number is thus de- termined to be n=8.       The pollen grains taken from the flowers which were fixed in the fields with Carnoy II fixative (6:3:1 absolute alcohol/chloroform/glacial acetic acid) were examined without further treatment under SEM;  and under LM after acetolysis. The result shows that they are oblate;  4(5)-colpate (Plate 2: 3-4);  with colpi 10.5μm long and 2.5μm wide and with a smooth colpus membrane (Plate 2: 5). The exine is 2-layered;  with a distinct bacu- late layer (Plate 2:7-8). The sexine surface is covered with spinules almost regularly spa- ced;  0.6μm high and basally divided. The sexine between spinules consists of short ridges (Plate 2: 6).       The new genus is closely related to the genera Codonopsis;  Wahlenbergia and Platyco- don from gross morphological point of view;  but its pollen grains differ markedly from all of them. The pollen grains in Codonopsis are longly 5-colpate;  and with the sexine consis- ting of a low relief reticulum; those in Platycodon longly 5-colporate and those in Wahlen- bergia 3-porate. The pollen type of the new genus Echinocodon with short colpi is therefore probably derived from the longly colpate type of pollen like that of Codonopsis or directly from longly colporate type like that of Platycodon;  and is likely more primitive than thatin Wahlenbergia.