Self-assessments and other perceptions of successful adults who are deaf: an initial investigation

More often than not, deafness is portrayed, not only in the literature in education and rehabilitation but in society in general, in a pathological way that focuses on deficiency, dysfunction, and deviance. Consequently, there has been a paucity of research on successful individuals who are deaf. The purpose of the present study was to help counter this tendency by gathering information from successful deaf adults. Fourteen deaf adults, who were nominated by their peers as being successful, participated in videotaped interviews. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and clustered according to common themes. Participants reflected on their success and made recommendations for children and youth who are deaf, parents, teachers, and employers. A summary of the results, limitations of the study, and recommendations for practice are provided.     

Preschool children use linguistic form class and pragmatic cues to interpret generics

Generic noun phrases (e.g., "Bats live in caves") are important for expressing knowledge about abstract kinds. Past work has found that parents frequently use generic noun phrases in their speech to young children. However, little is known regarding how children understand these expressions, nor which cues signal generic meaning. The present set of 5 studies examined the influence of linguistic form class (e.g., "What color are dogs?" [generic] versus "What color are the dogs?" [nongeneric]) and of pragmatic context (e.g., "What color are they?" in the presence of either a single exemplar [generic] or multiple exemplars [nongeneric]). Participants were 2-year-olds (N = 42), 3-year-olds (N = 40), 4-year-olds (N = 40), and adults (N = 51). The data indicate that by 2 years of age, children use linguistic form class, and by 3 years of age, children use pragmatic context. These findings demonstrate that young children have begun to understand the distinction between generic and nongeneric noun phrases from a very young age, and that identification of generics is signaled not by formal or pragmatic cues alone, but by a combination of information from both language form and pragmatic context. It is suggested that children make use of multiple linguistic and conceptual cues to acquire and interpret generics.     

任务驱动法教学模式初探

新教材明确地提出了"任务驱动法"的教学模式,即"力求以任务驱动,以某个实例为先导,进而提出问题,引导学生思考,通过学和做,培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力"。在教学内容安排上:不再以软件或知识点作为线索,而是根据信息时代的生存需要、学生的接受能力、素质教育的规律和原则,改用任务为线索,串联模块,组成教学内容。在这里,任务的确定、任务的完成、对任务完成情况的评价成为教学的中心环节。     

自来水营业管理的信息系统模块

随着城市现代化建设的快速发展,城市供水的规模越来越大,对供水管理的需求也越来越高。以计算机网络和数据库技术为代表的计算机应用技术的迅速发展推动了企业级的管理信息系统,管理信息系统即MIS（ManagementInformationSystem）在现代社会中变得越来越普及。自来水收费管理信息系统是针对自来水公司进行水费征...     

引领与创新：教育思想观念在教育改革中的作用

思想与观念没有本质区别,都是人脑对客观世界的理性认识,属于意识形态或观念形态。教育观念是教育思想的先导,教育观念经历时间的孕育、系统化、理论化为教育思想。教育改革的推进必然伴随着教育思想观念的转变,教育思想观念是教育改革的先导,在教育改革创新中起引领、创新的作用。     

建筑制图与CAD融合教学增强设计实训效果剖析

根据工作需要,建筑工程技术专业的毕业生必须具有识读专业图纸和熟练的建筑CAD软件绘图能力,结合<建筑制图>和<建筑CAD>的教学特点,提出了两者融合教学,通过比较,此方法教学效果显著,尤其对课程设计实训效果更加明显.     

论民国时期中华职教社的职业指导理论与实践

职业指导是建国前中华职业教育社推广职业教育的重要组成部分,在理论建设和社会实践方面都取得了丰富的成果。他们对职业指导的定义、目的、依据、原则和效用等方面进行了充分的阐述;在实践中成立了中国第一个职业指导机构——上海职业指导所,为人才的供求架起了一座桥梁,同时也带动了中国的职业指导事业的发展。他们的职业指导经验值得我们的借鉴。     

Inter-Parietal White Matter Development Predicts Numerical Performance in Young Children

In an effort to understand the role of interhemispheric transfer in numerical development, we investigated the relationship between children's developing knowledge of numbers and the integrity of their white matter connections between the cerebral hemispheres (the corpus callosum). We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography analyses to test the link between the development of the corpus callosum and performance on symbolic and non-symbolic numerical judgment tasks. We were especially interested in the interhemispheric connections of parietal cortex in 6-year-old children, because regions of parietal cortex have been implicated in the development of numerical skills by several prior studies. Our results revealed significant structural differences between children and adults in the fibers of the corpus callosum connecting the left and right parietal lobes. Importantly, these structural differences were predictive of individual differences among children in performance on numerical judgment tasks: children with poor numerical performance relative to their peers exhibited reduced white matter coherence in the fibers passing through the isthmus of the corpus callosum, which connects the parietal hemispheres.     

Relations of Children's Effortful Control and Teacher-Child Relationship Quality to School Attitudes in a Low-Income Sample

RESEARCH FINDINGS: The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of children's effortful control and quality of relationships with teachers to school attitudes longitudinally in an ethnically diverse and economically disadvantaged sample. Data were collected as part of a larger intervention project during mid-fall, winter, and late spring (ns = 823, 722, and 758, respectively) for 2 cohorts of 3- to 5-year-olds (collected during 2 different school years). Children's effortful control was assessed in the fall with parents' and teachers' reports and 2 behavioral measures. Teacher-child relationship quality was assessed mid-year with teachers' reports of closeness and conflict. Attitudes toward school were assessed in late spring using teachers' and students' reports of school avoidance and liking. Effortful control, in general, was positively correlated with teacher-child closeness and school liking and negatively correlated with conflict and school avoidance. Using structural equation modeling and controlling for sex and ethnicity, we found that effortful control was positively related to teacher-child relationship quality, which in turn was positively related to school attitudes. Furthermore, the relation of effortful control to school attitudes was mediated by teacher-child relationship quality. PRACTICE OR POLICY: Results provide evidence for the importance of relational processes that take place within the classroom context and have implications for teachers and clinicians working to increase school success in ethnic minority and low-income children.