Microfluidic droplet encapsulation of highly motile single zoospores for phenotypic screening of an antioomycete chemical

Highly motile Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae) zoospores of an oomycete plant pathogen and antioomycete candidate chemicals were encapsulated into microdroplets. Random fast self-motion of P. sojae zoospores was overcome by choosing an appropriate flow rate for a zoospore suspension. To influence stochastic loading of zoospores into a microfluidic channel, a zoospore suspension was directly preloaded into a microtubing with a largely reduced inner diameter. A relatively high single zoospore encapsulation rate of 60.5% was achieved on a most trivial T-junction droplet generator platform, without involving any specially designed channel geometry. We speculated that spatial reduction in the diameter direction of microtubing added a degree of zoospore ordering in the longitudinal direction of microtubing and thus influenced positively to change the inherent limitation of stochastic encapsulation of zoospores. Comparative phenotypic study of a plant oomycete pathogen at a single zoospore level had not been achieved earlier. Phenotypic changes of zoospores responding to various chemical concentration conditions were measured in multiple droplets in parallel, providing a reliable data set and thus an improved statistic at a low chemical consumption. Since each droplet compartment contained a single zoospore, we were able to track the germinating history of individual zoospores without being interfered by other germinating zoospores, achieving a high spatial resolution. By adapting some existing droplet immobilization and concentration gradient generation techniques, the droplet approach could potentially lead to a medium-to-high throughput, reliable screening assay for chemicals against many other highly motile zoospores of pathogens.     

埋藏在信中的爱

在我的女儿朱莉安出生不久,我就开始着手按照我们的惯例来向我的女儿传达我对她的爱。每年,在她生日那天,我都会给她写一封信——一年才写一次的信。在信中,我将她在这一年里发生的所有趣事都写下来,也会将她全部的欢乐、全部的痛苦写下来,还会将我和她在生活中遇到的重要问题、我对未来的预期、我的杂感以及这一年发生的世界大事等等都写下来。此外,我还在信中放进一些诸如照片、礼物、成绩单以及其他一些可能会随着岁月的流逝而消失不见的各种各样的纪念物品。在我的书桌抽屉里,放着一个文件夹,里面有一个大信封。我会把将要写进下一年信…     

计划出走

克劳迪娅知道自己决不可能采用传统的那种背着背包,然后怒气冲冲离家出走的模式.她讨厌不舒服的感觉,连野餐时的不干净和不便,都令她无法忍受.草丛间四处飞舞的昆虫,以及被炙热的阳光融化掉的小蛋糕上的奶油……这些都足以让她发疯.因此,她决定这次离家出走不仅仅是从某个地方逃走而已,她要逃到一个更大、更舒服的地方,而且必须是室内,最好是个美丽的地方.……     

COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs) during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb titers.Methods:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exer...     

种树的男人

要想真正了解一个人是不是品行出众,你得花数年的时间,还要有好的运气和机会去观察他的行为。如果他的行为没有私心,动机无比慷慨,心中没有存着求回报的念头,而且他还在大地上留下了明显的印记,那么由此认定他是一个品行出众的人,基本错不了。     

Addressing sexuality and pregnancy in childbirth education classes

A positive, nonjudgmental, and informed approach to sexual health during pregnancy promotes acceptance of the normal functioning of women's bodies. It also encourages the development of close and supportive relationships that are so essential during pregnancy and birth. Common concerns do not need to become problems. Concerns include issues of libido, positioning, and preterm labor or fetal health, as well as myths and cultural attitudes. Childbirth educators can use tools such as the PLISSIT model to approach the topic of sexuality during pregnancy. In addition, opportunities are available in every childbirth class to acknowledge or ignore sexual issues. Perinatal educators who take responsibility for addressing this often-taboo topic can enhance women's feelings of safety and their confidence in normal birth.     

Screening of phonological awareness in the early elementary grades: an IRT approach

The purpose of the present study was to explore the possibilities for the assessment of growth in phonological awareness of children in kindergarten and first grade. Phonological awareness was measured using four sets of items involving rhyming, phoneme identification, phoneme blending, and phoneme segmentation. The results of an exploratory factor analysis and analyses conducted within the framework of item response theory showed one latent ability to underlie the different sets of items, which nevertheless differed in difficulty. Analyses in terms of the children’s ability further showed the phonological awareness measures to be sensitive to growth. The amount of information supplied by the different sets of items depended on the children’s level of ability. The conclusion that it is possible to accurately monitor the development of children’s phonological awareness in the early elementary grades appears to be justified, and this possibility opens up new perspectives for the early screening for reading problems and dyslexia.     

Effects of Headings on Text Summarization

A summarization task was used to study whether headings influence readers' representations of the topic structure of a text. College students (Experiments 1-3) and sixth- and eighth-graders (Experiment 3) summarized a multiple topic text that (a) included headings introducing every new subtopic, (b) included headings introducing half of the new subtopics, or (c) included no headings. In all experiments, topics were more likely to be included in a summary if they were signaled than if they were not signaled. This effect was magnified when the text was only half signaled: Signaled topics were more likely to appear in a summary if only half the text topics were signaled than if all of the topics were signaled; however, unsignaled topics were less likely to appear in a summary if half of the text topics were signaled than if none of the text topics were signaled. The findings demonstrate that readers rely heavily on headings in a task that emphasizes attention to a text's topic structure. It is suggested that previously observed signaling effects on text recall are mediated by effects on how readers represent a text's topic structure. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

The veridicality of punitive childhood experiences reported by adolescents and young adults

OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of the present research was to determine whether retrospective reports of childhood disciplinary experiences and perceptions of that discipline correspond to actual childhood events and whether the accuracy of that report was influenced by the affective state of the respondent. METHOD: Eighty-three adolescent and young adult males completed a retrospective measure of physical child maltreatment, Assessing Environments (AEIII), and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). As children the participants had been observed naturalistically in their homes interacting with their parents an average of 10 years earlier. RESULTS: Analyses were consistent with the hypothesis that both current mood and actual observations of parent-child interactions during childhood predict self-reported recollections of childhood maltreatment by one's parents. Further the veridicality of such recollections appears to depend upon the objective specificity versus the perceptive nature of the questions used to elicit the recollections. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that assessment instruments suitable for obtaining information regarding earlier childhood victimization must utilize behaviorally specific items. Thus, items that are either global or intimate a normative comparison should be avoided.     

Dose requirements of continuous infusion of rocuronium and atracurium throughout orthotopic liver transplantation in humans

INTRODUCTION Rocuronium bromide is a new steroidal nonde- polarizing neuromuscular blocking drug that has a faster onset of action than other nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs. The liver is the major route for its elimination. On the other hand, impaired liver function does not alter either atracurium’s elimination or plasma clearance (Ward and Neill, 1983; Pitter et al., 1990). The exclusion of the hepatic circulation and function during the anhepatic phase of orthotopic liv…