The Family Portrait

Christmas day,1977 my family posed for apicture,taken by Mr.Bellows,our next door neigh-bor.That photo has become the benchmark for allfamily portraits taken of my family since,not a singleone has equaled its magnificence.In that wonderfulpicture my family is much smaller than it is today,there are no sons-in-law,daughters-in-law,or grand-children,just my father,my mother,my brother,my     

Erroneous concerns about child sexual abuse

AIM: To assess the incidence and nature of concerns about sexual abuse, with particular reference to erroneous concerns of sexual abuse made by children. METHODS: A review of case notes of all child sexual abuse reports to the Denver Department of Social Services over 12 months. Cases were put into four groups: substantiated, not sexual abuse, inconclusive and erroneous accounts by children. RESULTS: 551 cases were reviewed. Forty-three percent were substantiated, 21% were inconclusive and 34% were not considered to be abuse cases. There were 14 (2.5%) erroneous concerns emanating from children. They comprised three cases of allegations made in collusion with a parent, three cases where an innocent event was misinterpreted as sexual abuse and eight cases (1.5%) of false allegations of sexual abuse.CONCLUSION: Erroneous concern of sexual abuse from children are uncommon. The four categories of concern in this study, in contrast to the simple classification of substantiated and unsubstantiated, provide a means of encouraging open minded assessments of the typical concerns which a child protection agency receives.     

美国《亚洲学者公报》(1976)“中国革命文学专号”绪言

过去的６０年间，世界上最伟大的文化之一──中国文化在一场实质触及社会各方面的深刻革命中得到了改造，目前，当中国为完全掌握其命运、实现其革命理想而继续奋斗时，世界的其余部分，以妒忌、残存的误解、怀疑和钦佩相交织的心情，出神地注视着她。 或许，中国革命最不为世界其余部分所理解和赞赏的就是中国新文学艺术的发展。即使在对当前中华人民共和国的文艺状况感兴趣的外界观察家中，对革命的文学艺术也有着截然不同的反应，从完全的敌视到谄媚的赞扬，什么都有，但最典型的反应就是迷惘地耸耸肩膀。甚至在专攻中国文学的西方学者…     

校长必须自修

[编译者写在前面的话]每当大家谈到提高教学质量,总不免立即联想到提高师资水平的问题,同时也就自然而然地考虑到教师进修的重要性;而不大有人想到校领导要不要进修。那么校领导需要不需要、应该不应该进修呢?苏联教育科学院一级研究员杰文纳的这篇文章明确地回答了这个问题。     

Beginning literacy: links among teacher knowledge, teacher practice, and student learning

Although the importance of phonological awareness has been discussed widely in the research literature, the concept is not well understood by many classroom teachers. In the study described here, we worked with groups of kindergarten and first-grade teachers (the experimental group) during a 2-week summer institute and throughout the school year. We shared with them research about learning disabilities and effective instruction, stressing the importance of explicit instruction in phonological and orthographic awareness. We followed the experimental group and a control group into their classrooms for a year, assessing teachers' classroom practices and their students' (n = 779) learning. The study yielded three major findings: We can deepen teachers' own knowledge of the role of phonological and orthographic information in literacy instruction; teachers can use that knowledge to change classroom practice; and changes in teacher knowledge and classroom practice can improve student learning.     

What is good?

“What is the real good?”I ask in musing mood.“Order,”said the law court;“Knowledge,”said the school;     

蛮横的马尔福

哈利以前怎么也不会想到,他竟然会认识一个男孩,他恨这个男孩比恨达力还厉害。马尔福仗着斯内普的纵容,还有他爸爸是霍格沃茨魔法学校的董事身份,向来神气活现。他不但成天对哈利挤眉弄眼,又是挖苦又是讥笑,还经常欺负胆小的纳威。 起初,格兰芬多院的学生只有魔药课是和斯莱特林院的学生一起上的。后来有一天,哈利他们发现格兰芬多院的公共     

Neuropsychological and behavioral assessment of ADHD in seven- to twelve-year-old children: a discriminant analysis

We hypothesized that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) would underperform on neuropsychological tests that are sensitive to executive function impairments. We further proposed that a linear discriminant analysis using behavioral and neuropsychological variables as dependent variables would pinpoint the capability of behavioral questionnaires and neuropsychological tests to predict the correct classification of ADHD and control children. We designed a transversal study with 62 seven- to twelve-year-old children with ADHD and 62 Full Scale IQ-matched controls using two behavioral scales and 13 neuropsychological tests. Using analysis of variance and covariance with age and school achievement and multifactor analysis of variance, we found that behavioral variables established robust, statistically significant differences between groups (p < .001). Children with ADHD scored worse than controls on 31 out of 61 neuropsychological variables. Children with ADHD, however, obtained better scores that were statistically significant on WISC-R Comprehension and Picture completion. A linear discriminant analysis with nine behavioral variables correctly classified 100% of the participants in both groups. Another linear discriminant analysis using 10 neuropsychological variables correctly classified 85.48% of the participants in both groups. We propose a core battery of selected tests for assessing children with ADHD. The significance of cross-cultural analyses of different developmental disturbances is emphasized.     

梭罗日记

1837年这一年梭罗从哈佛大学毕业,回到了故乡——马萨诸塞州的康科德。不久他就与另一位美国文学史上的非凡人物、住在邻近的拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生(拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生,1803—1882,美国散文家、思想家、诗人、演说家和美国19世纪超验主义文学运动的领袖。著有《论自然》、《人生的行为》等)有了密切的交往。也许部分要归功于爱默生榜样的作用,梭罗也开始了写作。他回到家乡后不久就开始写日记。当时写的日记只保存下来一部分,它们不仅包括作者个人的观察和一般的感想,还大量抄录他正在阅读的古典作家著作的段落——在某种程度上可以称作“备忘录”。此时他的文字风格还不够成熟,有一部分读起来颇为枯燥,但那不时闪烁的智慧的火花,却预示着一种完全个性化的、才华横溢的写作风格即将出现。     

赤霉素对植物生长和开花的影响

赤霉素是在一种寄生于稻属作物的真菌(Gibbe-rella fujikuroi)分泌物中所发現的,是一种有很高生理活性的物質,这种物質能引起植物的高度发育。由于赤霉素的发現,創造了广泛的,試驗它对植物生長发育的影响及其对植物的生理表現与形态形成过程影响的基础。赤霉素对植物生長与开花影响方面的研究是特别值得注意的,最初就确定赤霉素对許多一年生或多年生植物幼苗起着显著的刺激作用。同时它对矮生型植物,例如豌豆及玉米等表現了特別强烈的反应。之后也証实了赤霉素对植物的开花也起着强烈的作用。这种試驗得出了显著的成績,不論作試驗的植物的种不同,以及进行这些試驗的条件互异,所取得的結果都是完全吻合的。