Reinterpreting the history of women's judo in Japan

This paper reassesses the role of women in judo in Japan, from its secluded and restricted beginnings in the late nineteenth century to the gradual changes in gender and social paradigms triggered by the influence of Western feminist struggle from the 1960s onwards. Judo has been considered in theory an inclusive martial art because its creator, Jigoro Kano, stressed safety, etiquette and moral teachings irrespective of age, size or gender of its adherents. However, the social and cultural environment in Japan has traditionally discriminated against women both outside and inside the dojo (training place). We treat this issue historically, considering the broader context of the Japanese social, political and cultural developments.     

Use of dual-task methodology for skill assessment and development: examples from rugby league

We assessed the attentional demands of drawing and passing in rugby league players and investigated the effects of single-task and dual-task training on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of skill in these athletes. In Study 1, high-skilled and lesser-skilled rugby league players performed a standardized 2-on-1 drill under single-task (primary skill in isolation) and dual-task (primary skill while performing a secondary verbal tone recognition task) conditions. No differences were detected in primary task performance between groups, although the performance of the high-skilled players was more resistant to skill decrement under dual-task conditions. In Study 2, high-performance rugby league players were randomly allocated to either a single-task or dual-task training group. Each group underwent 8 weeks of training between the pre- and post-test sessions. While the mean improvement for draw and pass proficiency under dual-task conditions in the dual-task training group was greater than in the single-task training group (10.0% vs. 2.3%), the differences, while providing a moderate effect size (d = 0.57), were not statistically significant. These results suggest that the attentional demands of drawing and passing are reduced in high-skilled rugby league players compared with their lesser-skilled counterparts. In addition, compared with single-task training, dual-task training appears to improve the ability to perform dual-task draw and pass tasks (possibly through an improvement in time-sharing skills). Further studies are required to verify the efficacy of dual-task training as a training stimulus.     

Automatic measurement of key ski jumping phases and temporal events with a wearable system

We propose a new method, based on inertial sensors, to automatically measure at high frequency the durations of the main phases of ski jumping (i.e. take-off release, take-off, and early flight). The kinematics of the ski jumping movement were recorded by four inertial sensors, attached to the thigh and shank of junior athletes, for 40 jumps performed during indoor conditions and 36 jumps in field conditions. An algorithm was designed to detect temporal events from the recorded signals and to estimate the duration of each phase. These durations were evaluated against a reference camera-based motion capture system and by trainers conducting video observations. The precision for the take-off release and take-off durations (indoor < 39 ms, outdoor = 27 ms) can be considered technically valid for performance assessment. The errors for early flight duration (indoor = 22 ms, outdoor = 119 ms) were comparable to the trainers' variability and should be interpreted with caution. No significant changes in the error were noted between indoor and outdoor conditions, and individual jumping technique did not influence the error of take-off release and take-off. Therefore, the proposed system can provide valuable information for performance evaluation of ski jumpers during training sessions.     

The value of a non-sport-specific motor test battery in predicting performance in young female gymnasts

Gymnastics talent identification focuses on the identification of young gymnasts who display characteristics for potential success in the future. The aim of this study was to identify which current performance characteristics are related to performance in competition 2 years later. Twenty-three female gymnasts aged 7-8 years completed a multidimensional test battery measuring anthropometric, physical, and coordinative characteristics and were technically evaluated by expert coaches. Two years later, the all-around competition results of those gymnasts now participating in elite (n = 12) and sub-elite (n = 11) competition were obtained. None of the initial measurements significantly correlated with the results of the sub-elite gymnasts 2 years later. For the elite gymnasts, a non-sport-specific motor test battery correlated strongly with the competition result, with more than 40% of the variation in competition performance being explained by the result on that test 2 years earlier. Neither the coaches' judgement nor the anthropometric and physical characteristics were sensitive enough to predict performance. A motor coordination test might be valuable in the early identification of gymnasts, as its discriminative and predictive qualities might be sufficiently powerful for selection within a relatively homogeneous population of gymnasts exhibiting similar anthropometric and physical profiles.     

“原谅我这一生不羁放纵爱自由” 行走在刃脊——致中国技术型登山的开拓者(?)一桦和他的搭档美国人JON OTTO

总有那样的人,是不甘于平庸的；也总有那样的人,永远不肯驻足。在远方,在路上,一直是他们生活的理想。在做这期户外运动的特别策划时,我们脑子里一直在萦绕着Beyond的那一首《海阔天空》：今天我寒夜里看雪飘过怀著冷却了的心窝飘远方风雨里追赶雾里分不清影踪天空海阔你与我可会变(谁没在变)多少次迎著冷眼与嘲笑从没有放弃过心中的理想一刹那恍惚若有所失的感觉不知不觉已变淡心里爱(谁明白我)原谅我这一生不羁放纵爱自由也会怕有一天会跌倒背弃了理想谁人都可以那会怕有一天只你共我仍然自由自我永远高唱我歌我们写了他们,写了热爱自由热爱行走的他们；我们也期待你,跃跃欲试身未动心却先行的你,加入到这样的行列。原谅我这一生不羁放纵爱自由’,我们的特别策划,献给所有这样的你,你们。     

教育:从“主体”到“人”之超越——兼论“教育回归生活”

现代教育伴随着西方哲学的步伐陷入主体的危机和困境,主要表现为教育中主体的混乱、主体对他者的规训以及主体对自我的奴役。本真的教育应该是"人"的教育,因为教育的原点是"人",教育的主题是生活。教育可以从生活的路径完成从"主体"到"人"的超越,然而,这样的超越并不意味着教育应该回归生活,教育应该基于现实生活,超越日常生活,引领未来美好生活。     

Thermal mixing of two miscible fluids in a T-shaped microchannel

In this paper, thermal mixing characteristics of two miscible fluids in a T-shaped microchannel are investigated theoretically, experimentally, and numerically. Thermal mixing processes in a T-shaped microchannel are divided into two zones, consisting of a T-junction and a mixing channel. An analytical two-dimensional model was first built to describe the heat transfer processes in the mixing channel. In the experiments, de-ionized water was employed as the working fluid. Laser induced fluorescence method was used to measure the fluid temperature field in the microchannel. Different combinations of flow rate ratios were studied to investigate the thermal mixing characteristics in the microchannel. At the T-junction, thermal diffusion is found to be dominant in this area due to the striation in the temperature contours. In the mixing channel, heat transfer processes are found to be controlled by thermal diffusion and convection. Measured temperature profiles at the T-junction and mixing channel are compared with analytical model and numerical simulation, respectively.     

感悟、鉴赏和探究：文学作品教学的三种重要方法——关于文学作品教学的几点浅思

笔者以为，文学作品教学与非文学作品教学有许多共通之处，当以“文本”为依托、“语言”为核心、“理解”为基础、“能力”为目标，换言之，要紧扣文本，揣摩语言，理解内容，发展能力。但“以艺术形象的方式对以人为中心的社会生活的整体作审美反映”㈨是文学与其他社会科学的主要区别，可见文学的特点在于形象和审美，故文学作品的教学又必须通过对形象的感悟(体验)、鉴赏(品味)和探究(发现)等方式，以达到培养和提升学     

加拿大原住民与非原住民的收入差异

从加拿大2001年的人口普查中抽取3％的样本数据,分析了原住民和非原住加拿大人之间工资和薪金的差异,发现注册印第安人、梅蒂斯人与非原住民的年收入和周薪在跨组和组内都有显著差异。这种差异在很大程度上是由于人口、人力资本、职业以及这三种人口的区域差异。     

怎样设计学习型组织？

学习型组织，根据六条相互补充的行为准则来设计：创造不断学习的机会。促进探讨和对话。鼓励共同学习和团队学习。建立学习及学习共享系统。促使成员迈向共同愿景。使组织和环境结合起来。