心路历程——给中国学生的话

为了让我们的读者更好地了解美国社会、美国人,我刊特聘请了 Dr Robert S．Herman作为特约作家,以便读者有直接与美国作家交流的机会。     

孩童如小狗,少年似小猫

五月,我们又迎来了母亲节。在本期的“美文共享”栏目里,我们为大家选了两篇有关母子关系的文章——《孩童如小狗,少年似小猫》一文用生动幽默的语言道出了一位母亲对抚养子女的感受;《母亲知道》则写出了母亲对子女每时每刻的牵挂。这个五月,让我们一同感受母爱的伟大!     

浅谈读者对理解的自觉意识

阅读的关键是理解。对阅读过程的研究表明,阅读不是一种被动的、只要求读者“破译”文字符号的活动;读者在阅读过程中,总是自觉或不自觉地把自己的经验和背景知识“注入”所读的材料当中。举例来讲,读到“生日”这个词,一般中国人可能联想起长寿面,美国人联想到的则是蛋糕和蜡烛。由于人们经历各不相同,背景知识的多少也不一样,     

爸爸的新鞋

记得我13岁的时候,和所有少年一样爱赶时髦。那个冬天,我在买了一双牛津鞋之后,才发现流行的却是路夫便鞋。那时的我虚荣地认为,如果没有一双路夫便鞋,那么我宁愿赤着脚度过这个冬天。于是,我找到当汽车修理     

Child abuse in Turkey: an experience in overcoming denial and a description of 50 cases

OBJECTIVE: To share the experiences of the first clinical multidisciplinary child abuse and neglect (CAN) team in Turkey with international child abuse community. METHODS: The authors established the first Turkish CAN follow-up team at Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital. Following a training program in five teaching hospitals in Izmir, the authors kept a record of every case diagnosed with CAN from these hospitals between 1996 and 1998. The demographic, epidemiologic, and medical features of this case series are summarized. RESULTS: Fifty cases were diagnosed and followed-up. Seventy-six percent of patients were reported from Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital. Age and sex distribution was 9.2 +/- 6.7 years and 46% male, 54% female, respectively. The offenders were only father in 38%, only mother in 28%, and multiple in 34%. More than three CAN risk factors were present in 94%. Of the children reported 44% survived, 14% died, and 42% were lost to follow-up. Sixteen percent were free of reabuse, and 42% survived with handicaps. CONCLUSIONS: Child abuse and neglect is a reality in Turkey. The team's work increased pediatricians' awareness of CAN. Reporting these cases to Social Affairs Bureau was established for the first time in Turkey. Physicians in Turkey need training to diagnose and properly report CAN. The implemen tation of a national CAN prevention program is an urgent need for Turkey.     

描绘人生的色彩

走过岁月，才发觉成功或失败的几分错觉。当一切已成往事，沉默代表成熟的时候，所有的思绪都已沉淀。人一生中，总有些东西过目即忘，有些东西久难释怀。正因人世间尚存在着被我们称为美好的东西，足以让我们感觉到活着的幸福，从而淡化了人生之旅中的诸多寂寞。我们渴望快乐，永远的快乐。然而，永远快乐这句话只是渺茫得不能实现的愿望而已，快乐决不会永久。人生的刺就在这里，留恋着不肯快走的，偏是你所不留恋的东西。我们希望它来，希望它留，希望它再来，所谓矛盾是智慧的代价，现实就是梦想的失落。     

西方个性心理学对道德责任感问题的研究

研究道德责任感的形成是个性心理学的现实任务之一。国外对这一问题的研究很多,我国心理学者A.И.包若维奇(1968),E.B.苏波茨基(1975),A.Ф.施什金,K.A.施瓦尔茨曼(1968),B.B.托马绍夫(1975),B.З.丘德诺夫斯基(1981),O.Γ.德罗勃尼茨基、T.H.库兹米娜(1967),M.И.包勃涅娃(1978)在他们的著作中曾对国外这些研究作过较详尽的评述。     

Theory of mind development in deaf children: a nonverbal test of false-belief understanding

Our aim in this study was to investigate whether previous findings pointing to a delay in deaf children's theory of mind development are replicated when linguistic demands placed on the deaf child are minimized in a nonverbal version of standard false-belief tasks. Twenty-four prelingually deaf, orally trained children born of hearing parents were tested with both a verbal and a nonverbal version of a false-belief task. Neither the younger (range: 4 years 7 months-6 years 5 months) nor the older (range: 6 years 9 months-11 years 11 months) children of the final sample of 21 children performed above chance in the verbal task. The nonverbal task significantly facilitated performance in children of all ages. Despite this facilitation, we observed a developmental delay: only the older group performed significantly above chance in the nonverbal false-belief task, even though the younger children were at the average age when hearing children normally pass standard false-belief tests. We discuss these findings in light of the hypothesis that language development and conversational competence are crucial to the acquisition of a theory of mind.     

电脑医院

小B哥:你好!我的电脑升级为W in鄄dows XP系统后,每次开机出现桌面后就自动重启一次,关机时明明点了“关闭计算机”选项,可系统居然是重新启动,真烦啊￣￣￣小B哥一定要帮帮我,不然我就要在小B哥回家的路上挖坑哦￣￣￣江苏黑草白木黑草白木:好怕怕啊,赶快回答你问题啦￣￣￣这种开关机重启故障很多都是由电源问题引起的,试着换个电源试试;你可以先尝试刷新一下主板BIO S来解决,如果你对刷新BIO S不熟悉,建议找个大侠来帮忙;当然,也不排除由于某些驱动安装不正确、系统文件丢失(需要用安装盘提取恢复)等原因,多试试看吧。小B小B哥:第…     

关于熟练思维教学的构想

B.E.阿斯金斯现任美国特克大学教育学院副院长,致力于教育科学研究。近年来,他在研究美国教育的一个重大问题——学生思维能力的培养方面,取得不少成果,在美国教育界有广泛影响。本文译者原是上海市七宝中学教导主任,上海市教育科学研究所教育情报研究室兼职研究人员,去年六月以访问学者身份随 B.E.阿斯金斯等多名教授学习和研究思维技能的教学、有效的教学、教学模式和教学心理等专题。本文是他的译稿。