China's space robotics for on-orbit servicing: the state of the artOA

<正>Since the pioneering deployment of Canadarm in 1981,various on-orbit servicing (OOS) concepts have been flourishing and are continuously demonstrated by space agencies worldwide[1].This novel access to extend human curiosity in space is empowered by the remarkable OOS progress achieved by missions like the Robot Technology Experiment (ROTEX),Engineering Test Satellite-Ⅶ(ETS-Ⅶ),     

Brain developmental and cortical connectivity changes in transgenic monkeys carrying the human-specific duplicated gene SRGAP2C

Human-specific duplicated genes contributed to phenotypic innovations during the origin of our own species, such as an enlarged brain and highly developed cognitive abilities. While prior studies on transgenic mice carrying the human-specific SRGAP2C gene have shown enhanced brain connectivity, the relevance to humans remains unclear due to the significant evolutionary gap between humans and rodents. In this study,to investigate the phenotypic outcome and underlying genetic mechanism of SRGAP2C,...     

A neuron-immune circuit regulates neurodegeneration in the hindbrain and spinal cord of Arf1-ablated mice

Neuroimmune connections have been revealed to play a central role in neurodegenerative diseases(NDs).However, the mechanisms that link the central nervous system(CNS) and peripheral immune cells are still mostly unknown. We recently found that specific ablation of the Arf1 gene in hindbrain and spinal cord neurons promoted NDs through activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia via peroxided lipids and adenosine triphosphate(ATP) releasing. Here, we demonstrate that IL-1β with elevated chemok...     

Monolithic integrated micro-supercapacitors with ultra-high systemic volumetric performance and areal output voltage

Monolithic integrated micro-supercapacitors(MIMSCs) with high systemic performance and cell-number density are important for miniaturized electronics to empower the Internet of Things.However,fabrication of customizable MIMSCs in an extremely small space remains a huge challenge considering key factors such as materials selection,electrolyte confinement,microfabrication and device-performance uniformity.Here,we develop a universal and large-throughput microfabrication strategy to address all the...     

Glacial expansion of cold-tolerant species in low latitudes: megafossil evidence and species distribution modellingOA

<正>The Pleistocene was a time of repeated glaciations that severely affected the land biota over large areas of Eurasia and North America. Drastic climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene drove largescale extinctions, migrations and diversification in plant and animal populations.These dramatic processes had a strong impact on the distribution of modern flora and fauna.     

Learning physical characteristics like animals for legged robotsOA

Physical characteristics of terrains,such as softness and friction,provide essential information for legged robots to avoid non-geometric obstacles,like mires and slippery stones,in the wild.The perception of such characteristics often relies on tactile perception and vision prediction.Although tactile perception is more accurate,it is limited to close-range us e;by contrast,establishing a supervised or self-supervised contactless prediction system using computer vision re quires adequate labele...     

Inhibition of Wnt activity improves peri-implantation development of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos

Somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) can reprogram differentiated somatic cells into totipotency.Although pre-implantation development of SCNT embryos has greatly improved,most SCNT blastocysts are still arrested at the peri-implantation stage,and the underlying mechanism remains elusive.Here,we develop a 3D in vitro culture system for SCNT peri-implantation embryos and discover that persistent Wnt signals block the naive-to-primed pluripotency transition of epiblasts with aberrant H3K27me3 occup...     

Calibration of local chemical pressure by optical probe

Chemical stabilization of a high-pressure metastable state is a major challenge for the development of advanced materials.Although chemical pressure(P_chem) can effectively simulate the effect of physical pressure(P_phy)) experimental calibration of the pressure passed to local structural motifs,denoted as local chemical pressure(P_chem-△) which significantly governs the function of solid materials,remains absent due to the challenge of probing techniques.Here we es...     

Association of physical activity with risk of chronic kidney disease in China:A population-based cohort study

Background:Information on the association between physical activity(PA) and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD) is limited.We aimed to explore the associations of total,domain-specific,and intensity-specific PA with CKD and its subtypes in China.Methods:The study included 475,376 adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank aged 30-79 years during 2004-2008 at baseline.An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information about PA,which was quantified as metabolic equivalen...     

Flowery Flour Buns （Huamo）

Shanxi, located in the Loess Plateau of North China, is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. Over the sweep of history, local people used their wisdom and creativity to make flower-shaped steamed buns in various designs. Today, dough figurines in Dingxiang and flowery flour buns in Jinnan have been inscribed on China＇s national list for the protection of intangible cultural heritage.