俄罗斯高等教育现代化进程中的质量问题

在欧洲高等教育一体化进程的影响下,正在经历转折阶段的俄罗斯高等教育领域开展了国家统一考试和国家记名投资试验,并开始实行学分制,但这些举措在实施过程中还存在一系列问题,需要做大量的工作,以切实保障高等教育的现代化、国际化的实现,提高高等教育质量。     

意义学习分类学

综合十年的研究,作者描述了意义学习的一种分类办法.最有意义的学习结果是解决问题.在这种分类法中,四种不同的问题解决按层次方式排列.解决问题的先决条件是两种基本的推理技能——类比推理和因果推理,这是解决所有问题的基础.这些推理的形式要求运用概念,以及由概念和关系组成的低阶命题和高阶命题.解决问题的教学应该是让学习者解决问...     

中俄跨境合作：未实现的历史机遇(二)

在俄罗斯国家漫长的历史进程中,对地理位置偏远、经济欠发达东部地区的开发利用始终是国家需要面对的现实问题,行之有效的方法之一便是跨境合作。许多拥有共同边界,但彼此并没有一体化责任的国家均把跨境合作的理念和实践作为国家发展的“武器”(手段)。无论是拥有共同边界,还是邻国的积极响应,这些因素都无法保证跨境合作取得成功,也无法保障边境地区经济发展取得成效。俄罗斯远东地区跨境合作的发展进程,关键在于中俄跨境合作。中俄边境跨境合作的最新状况是深入理解当代中俄关系和中俄边境合作的共同规律和发展特点的重要支点。中俄边境合作的主要发展趋势和特点表现为“从自然上升到有序衰落”的过程。形成这一过程的主要因素是俄罗斯政府对远东地区实行严格监管政策,并且通过对俄罗斯远东地区与周边国家跨境合作的中心化和集中化体现出来。     

Meeting guidelines for physical activity,muscle strength,and sleep lowers mortality risk:Commentary on: "Associations between aerobic and musclestrengthening physical activity,sleep duration,and risk of all-cause mortality:A prospective cohort study of 282

<正>In 2022, Duncan et al.¹ published results from an investigation of the combined effects of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise(AER), muscle-strengthening activities(MSA), and sleep durations on the risks for all-cause mortality in 282,473 U.S. adults aged 18—84 years.     

Accurate fundamental invariant-neural network representation of ab initio potential energy surfaces

Highly accurate potential energy surfaces are critically important for chemical reaction dynamics. The large number of degrees of freedom and the intricate symmetry adaption pose a big challenge to accurately representing potential energy surfaces(PESs) for polyatomic reactions. Recently, our group has made substantial progress in this direction by developing the fundamental invariant-neural network(FI-NN)approach. Here, we review these advances, demonstrating that the FI-NN approach can represe...     

Burden sharing for CDR: balancing fair liability with feasibility

<正>The basics are clear:climate is changing,it is caused by human activity and it is affecting everyone and everywhere now[1]. The good news is that we know what to do about it—we can stop global temperatures rising further if we stop emitting greenhouse gases. But because some sectors (such as agriculture or aviation)will have ongoing ‘hard-to-abate’ emissions,     

The temporal dynamics of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica and predominant serovars in China

Salmonella enterica is one of the most common bacterial pathogens in humans and animals.Systematic studies on the trends and geographical distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella and dominant serovars have been well studied in European and American countries while not in China.Here,taking the One-Health strategy,we used>35 000 Salmonella enterica isolates to explore the temporal and spatial dynamics of dominant serovars in China.We found that Salmonella Typhimurium was the dominant ...     

Comparative orotomy of the Archean Superior and Phanerozoic Altaid orogenic systems

We compare and contrast the materials and mechanisms of continental crustal growth in the largest preserved regions of Phanerozoic and Archean juvenile additions to the crust,to test for similarities or differences in the formation of continents through time.We accomplish this through a comparison of map patterns,lithological contents,and structural and metamorphic evolution of the Phanerozoic Altaid orogenic system of Asia,with the Archean Superior Province of the North American Craton,using a ...     

A neuron-immune circuit regulates neurodegeneration in the hindbrain and spinal cord of Arf1-ablated mice

Neuroimmune connections have been revealed to play a central role in neurodegenerative diseases(NDs).However, the mechanisms that link the central nervous system(CNS) and peripheral immune cells are still mostly unknown. We recently found that specific ablation of the Arf1 gene in hindbrain and spinal cord neurons promoted NDs through activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia via peroxided lipids and adenosine triphosphate(ATP) releasing. Here, we demonstrate that IL-1β with elevated chemok...     

Glacial expansion of cold-tolerant species in low latitudes: megafossil evidence and species distribution modellingOA

<正>The Pleistocene was a time of repeated glaciations that severely affected the land biota over large areas of Eurasia and North America. Drastic climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene drove largescale extinctions, migrations and diversification in plant and animal populations.These dramatic processes had a strong impact on the distribution of modern flora and fauna.