Tandem organic solar cells with 20.6% efficiency enabled by reduced voltage lossesOA

Large voltage losses are the main obstacle for achieving high efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs).Here we construct ternary OSCs by introducing an asymmetric small molecule acceptor AITC into PBDB-TCl:BTP-eC9 system and demonstrate the effectiveness in simultaneously decreasing energy disorder and non-radiative voltage losses.It is found that the introduction of AITC can modify domain size and increase the degree of crystallinity,which enhances open-circuit voltage and power conversion effic...     

Graphene-confined ultrafast radiant heating for high-loading subnanometer metal cluster catalystsOA

Thermally activated ultrafast diffusion,collision and combination of metal atoms comprise the fundamental processes of synthesizing burgeoning subnanometer metal clusters for diverse applications.However,so far,no method has allowed the kinetically controllable synthesis of subnanometer metal clusters without compromising metal loading.Herein,we have developed,for the first time,a graphene-confined ultrafast radiant heating(GCURH) method for the synthesis of high-loading metal cluster catalysts ...     

Challenges and opportunities for modeling coupled human and natural systemsOA

<正>The Earth is a very large and complex system that consists of human and natural components interacting bidirectionally with each other,thus forming coupled human and natural systems (CHANS)[1].The increasing dominance of human impacts,especially after the 1950s [2],marked a new era for the Earth,the Anthropocene,which means humans have become the main drivers of the evolution of changes in the Earth system.Therefore,modeling CHANS is essential for understanding the emergent system prope...     

A universal route to efficient non-linear response via Thomson scattering in linear solidsOA

Non-linear materials are cornerstones of modern optics and electronics.Strong dependence on the intrinsic properties of particular materials,however,inhibits the at-will extension of demanding non-linear effects,especially those second-order ones,to widely adopted centrosymmetric materials(for example,silicon) and te chnologically important burgeoning spectral domains(for example,terahertz frequencies).Here we introduce a universal route to efficient non-linear responses enabled by exciting non-...     

Zeolite-encaged mononuclear copper centers catalyze CO2 selective hydrogenation to methanolOA

The selective hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol by renewable hydrogen source represents an attractive route for CO₂ recycling and is carbon neutral.Stable catalysts with high activity and methanol selectivity are being vigorously pursued,and current debates on the active site and reaction pathway need to be clarified.Here,we report a design of faujasite-encaged mononuclear Cu centers,namely Cu@FAU,for this challenging reaction.Stable methanol space-time-yield(STY) of 12.8 mm...     

Delayed Antarctic melt season reduces albedo feedback

Antarctica’ s response to climate change varies greatly both spatially and temporally.Surface melting impacts mass balance and also lowers surface albedo.We use a 43-year record(from 1978 to 2020) of Antarctic snow melt seasons from space-borne microwave radiometers with a machine-learning algorithm to show that both the onset and the end of the melt season are being delayed.Granger-causality analysis shows that melt end is delayed due to increased heat flux from the ocean to the atmosphere at m...     

Caution needed when interpreting muscle activity patterns during extremely low pedaling cadence

Dear editor,We noticed recent research that has just been published in Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS),comparing the muscular activity patterns in 1-and 2-legged cycling by Park and Caldwell.1 The authors reported that changes in muscle activities with 1-legged pedaling are due to a variety of changes in mechanical aspects of the pedaling motion,including altered crank torque patterns within the crank cycle,decreased pelvis stability,and the need for increased knee and ankle stiffness during the upstroke.The experiment was welldesigned and the discussion was fascinating.However,the testing protocol does not support the significance of the project,as stated in the first sentence of the abstract,“One-legged pedaling is of interest to elite cyclists and clinicians.”Their testing was conducted at 30 revolutions per min(rpm)and 30 watts(W),and both are too low for any kind of mechanical demand for cycling,either competitive sports or rehabilitation.The preferred cadences of experienced cyclists are approximately 85-95 rpm,whereas the most economic cadences are approximately 55-60 rpm.     

Shanghai： the Next Destination for New Media Art？ Urbanized Landscape.＂ 2008 Shanghai eART

Sthis event has attracted wide attention from home and labroad, for it was the first time that China hosted such a large scale festival for e-art where new creations by both foreign artists and Chinese artists were on display.     

Pharmacokinetic study with N-Ile1-Thr2-63-desulfato-r-hirudin in rabbits by means of bioassay

INTRODUCTION Hirudin, a naturally occurring polypeptide from salivary glands of medicinal leech (Hirudo Medici-nalis) and an important effective component of tradi-tional Chinese medicine Shui Zhi, has proven to be a highly selective direct thrombin inhibitor (Markwardt, 1994). Currently, in China recombinant-hirudin has been developed by DNA recombination technique and is undergoing extensive preclinical and clinical evaluation. Over the past decade, much effort in our lab was devote…     

Pervasive hybridization during evolutionary radiation of Rhododendron subgenus Hymenanthes in mountains of southwest ChinaOA

Radiations are especially important for generating species biodiversity in mountainous ecosystems.The contribution of hybridization to such radiations has rarely been examined.Here,we use extensive genomic data to test whether hybridization was involved in evolutionary radiation within Rhododendron subgenus Hymenanthes,whose members show strong geographic isolation in the mountains of southwest China.We sequenced genomes for 143 species of this subgenus and 93 species of four other subgenera,and...