物理作图中“人”的简笔画法

在物理作图中，总要涉及人的示意图的画法。尽管有些参考书上有介绍，但都不够理想。虽然物理L的作图不同于美术上的画画，但要抓住特征。物理教师并非人人有美术专长，要求画得太复杂也不现实、本人经多年对汉字的观察和教学实践发现，用简化汉字中的“员”字来代替人再适宜不     

The effects of sotalol on ventricular repolarization during exercise

Objective: Although after pacing animal and human studies have demonstrated a rate-dependent effect of sotalol on ventricular repolarization, there is little information on the effects of sotalol on ventricular repolarization during exercise. This study attempted to show the effects of sotalol on ventricular repolarization during physiological exercise. Methods: Thirty-one healthy volunteers (18 males, 13 females) were enrolled in the study. Each performed a maximal treadmill exercise test according to the Bruce protocol after random treatment with sotalol, propranolol and placebo. Results: Sotalol significantly prolonged QTc(corrected QT) and JTc (corrected JT) intervals at rest compared with propranolol (QTc 324.86 ms vs 305.21 ms, P＜0.001; JTc245.04 ms vs 224.17 ms, P＜0.001) and placebo (QTc 324.86 ms vs 314.06 ms, P＜0.01; JTc 245.04 ms vs. 232.69 ms, P＜0.001).The JTc percent reduction increased progressively with each stage of exercise and correlated positively with exercise heart rate(r=0.148, P＜0.01). The JTc percent reduction correlation with exercise heart rate did not exist with either propranolol or placebo.Conclusions: These results imply that with sotalol ventricular repolarization is progressively shortened after exercise. Thus the specific class Ⅲ antiarrhythmic activity of sotalol, present as delay of ventricular repolarization, may be attenuated during exercise.Such findings may imply the need to consider other antiarrythmic therapy during periods of stress-induced tachycardia.     

Predictive performance of ‘Diprifusor＇ TCI system in patients during upper abdominal surgery under propofol／fentanyl anesthesia

Objective: To evaluate the predictive performance of ‘Diprifusor‘ TCI (target-controlled infusion) system for its better application in clinical anesthesia. Methods: The predictive performance of a ‘Diprifusor‘ TCI system was investigated in 27 Chinese patients (16 males and 11 females) during upper abdominal surgery under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol/fentanyl. Measured arterial propofol concentrations were compared with the values predicted by the TCI infusion system.Performance was determined by the median performance error (MDPE), the median absolute performance error (MDAPE), the divergence (the percentage change of the absolute PE with time), and the wobble (the median absolute deviation of each PE from the MDPE). Results: The median (range) values of 14.9% (-21.6%～42.9%) for MDPE, 23.3% (6.9%～62.5%) for MDAPE, -1.9% h^-1(-32.7%～23.0% h^-1) for divergence, and 18.9% (4.2%～59.6%) for wobble were obtained from 227 samples from all patients.For the studied population, the PE did not increase with time but with increasing target propofol concentration, particularly following induction. Conclusions: The control of depth of anaesthesia was good in all patients undergoing upper abdominal surgical operation and the predictive performance of the ‘Diprifusor‘ target controlled infusion system was considered acceptable for clinical purposes. But the relatively bigger wobble showed that the pharmacokinetic model is not so suitable and requires improvement.     

Effect of the amount of zinc-doped on the electrochemical performance of nickel hydroxide

1.IntroductionInrecentyears,theNi-MHbattery,akindofnewtypesecondarybatterydevelopedonthebaseofrechargeableNi-Cdbattery,hasattractedtheattentionofmostcustomersintheworldduetotheirexcellentperformancessuchashighpowerdensity,verygoodcyclability,highspecificcapacityandlessenviron-mentalimpact.Currently,theNi-MHbatteryiswidelyusedasapowerforportableelectricdevices,electricvehicles,portablevideos,andsomeimportantsmallapplications[1-3].Nickelhydroxideiscommonlyusedastheactivematerialfornickelposit…     

On the Linguistic Aspects of Objectivity in English Journalism

ＯｎｔｈｅＬｉｎｇｕｉｓｔｉｃＡｓｐｅｃｔｓｏｆＯｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｎＥｎｇｌｉｓｈＪｏｕｒｎａｌｉｓｍ①ＬｉＧａｎｂｉｎＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔＯｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｓａｖｅｒｙｃｏｍｐｌｅｘａｎｄｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｓｐｅｃｔｉｎｎｅｗｓｒｅｐｏｒ...     

Intestinal microflora in rats with ischemia／reperfusion liver injury

Objectives:To investigate the intestinal microflora status related to ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)liver injury and explorethe possible mechanism.Methods:Specific pathogen free grade Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups:Controlgroup(n=8),sham group(n=6)and I/R group(n=10).Rats in the control group did not receive any treatment,rats in the I/R groupwere subjected to 20 min of liver ischemia,and rats in the sham group were only subjected to sham operation.Twenty-two hourslater,the rats were sacrificed and liver enzymes and malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),serum endotoxin,intestinal bacterial counts,intestinal mucosal histology,bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes,liver,spleen,andkidney were studied.Results:Ischemia/reperfusion increased liver enzymes,MDA,decreased SOD,and was associated withplasma endotoxin elevation in the I/R group campared to those in the sham group.Intestinal Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillidecreased and intestinal Enterobacterium and Enterococcus     

Dynamic Responses Analysis of a Building Structure Subjected to Ground Shock from a Tunnel Explosion

Dynamic responses of a multi-storey building without or with a sliding base-isolation device for ground shock induced by an in-tunnel explosion are numerically analyzed. The effect of an adjacent tunnel in between the building and the explosion tunnel, which affects ground shock propagation , is considered in the analysis. Different modeling methods, such as the eight-node equal-parametric finite element and mass-lumped system, are used to establish the coupling model consisting of the two adjacent tunnels, the surrounding soil medium with the Lysmer viscous boundary condition, and the multi-storey building with or without the sliding base-isolation device. In numerical calculations , a continuous friction model, which is different from the traditional Coulomb friction model, is adopted to improve the computational efficiency and reduce the accumulated errors. Some example analyses are subsequently performed to study the response characteristics of the building and the sliding base-isolation device to ground shock. The effect of the adjacent tunnel in between the building and the explosion tunnel on the ground shock wave propagation is also investigated. The final conclusions based on the numerical results will provide some guidance in engineering practice.     

Transient expression of chicken alpha interferon gene in lettuce

We investigated the possibility of producing chicken alpha interferon (ChIFN-α) in transgenic plants.The cDNA encoding ChIFN-a was introduced into lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants by using an agro-infiltration transient expression system.The ChIFN-α gene was correctly transcribed and translated in the lettuce plants according to RT-PCR and ELISA assays.Re-combinant protein exhibited antiviral activity in vitro by inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication on chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF).The results demonstrate that biologically active avian cytokine with potential pharmaceutical ap-plications could be expressed in transgenic lettuce plants and that it is possible to generate interferon protein in forage plants for preventing infectious diseases of poultry.     

Regularization with closed linear operators

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｍａｎｙｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｐｈｙｓｉｃｓｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｌｅａｄｓｔｏｓｏｌｖｉｎｇｏｐｅｒａｔｏｒｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｋｉｎｄ．Ｉｎｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓｓｍａｌ...     

Numerical method for solving relativistic hydrodynamic equation including quark-fragment effect

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎａｏｃｃｕｒｉｎｇｉｎｕｌｔｒａｒｅｌａｔｉｖｉｓｔｉｃｃｅｎｔｒａｌｃｏｌｉｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｗｏｈｅａｖｙｉｏｎｓｍａｋｅｉｔｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｔｏｓｅｔｔｌｅｔｈｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｗｈｅｔｈｅｒｔｈｅＱ...