The interaction of functional and dysfunctional emotions during balance beam performance

The interaction between functional and dysfunctional emotions, as one of the major tenets of the individual zones of optimal functioning (IZOF) model (Hanin, 2000), was studied in a sport specific setting. Fourteen female gymnasts performed three attempts of a compulsory balance beam routine at three different heights. Heart rate and self-report of functional and dysfunctional emotions were measured during each routine. These data revealed the effectiveness of inducting emotions by manipulating height. Also, performance decreased on the most challenging condition, (i.e., the first attempt on the highest height). Moderated hierarchical regression analysis revealed a significant interaction between functional and dysfunctional emotions only when the dysfunctional emotion level was low.     

Kinematic changes during learning the longswing on high bar

The purpose of this study is to provide evidence of technique changes during learning a sports-specific skill, the looped bar longswing (LLS). Thirteen male participants with no previous high bar experience took part in a training study. Kinematic data were collected using a CODA motion analysis system (200 Hz) during eight weekly testing sessions. Analyses focused on the amplitude of swing and the functional phase (FP) actions, defined by the rapid flexion to extension of the shoulders and extension to flexion of the hips as the performer passed through the lower vertical. Three groups were identified based on the number of sessions it took each participant to perform the LLS (G1: most successful, G2: intermediate, and G3: least successful). All participants were able to significantly increase swing amplitude over the training period (p < 0.05). For each participant the hip FP started significantly: later for G1, earlier for G2, and did not change for G3. Extension actions at the shoulders were dissimilar to those reported for elite gymnasts performing the longswing. The FP of the hips provides a mechanism to distinguish between the learners of different skill levels. The study has provided support for a single-subject design when investigating technique changes during learning.     

“激”情四溢的肉搏战

新年伊始,先给各位读者拜个晚年,祝读者们在新的一年里步步高升,心想事成! 除了平常的1V1外,2V2赛事也引起了许多war3爱好者的关注,一些赛事例如一周一赛的双打杯,每周都有许多玩家自行组队‘基’情参赛,而在职业圈里也有Beiieve这位韩国大神参加,这也让比赛不缺乏亮点,而每周的皇冠录像中更是频频出现精彩的2V2录像,这也使得2V2比赛得到了广大玩家进一步的关注,也让War3所带给大家的魅力得以传承。     

War3经典比赛回顾之:暴力蜘蛛流

本次经典回顾为大家带来的是06年时的一场天王对决,比赛双方分别是巫妖王Sweet和兽王Grubby。在那个剑圣还没有被开发出来的年代里,兽人部落的首发英雄多半都是当时的领袖FS(先知),其独有的幽灵狼在前期能给予对手强有力的压制效果,而第二技能闪电链则是部落仅有的AOE神技之一,在当时配合上老牛的冲击波,威力十足,不过在当时几近无敌的吹风流和Sky一波流面前,兽人部落的抬头之日还没有到来。另一边亡灵当时的情况则是     

双线的较量

如今的魔坛,有一批玩家特别不喜欢和对手刚正面。无论对手如何用语言和进攻来挑衅,都能稳若泰山,不为所动,始终如一地贯彻蓿自己的战术思想。此时,路人甲问曰：难不成是存在于Dota传说中只能见酋不见尾的全球派？（关于全球派的介绍,请参阅电子竞技杂志八月下）,编者回曰：错矣!此派只出没于Solo对战中。路人乙强势插入质问：是不是令人“闻风丧胆“的猥琐派？!编者当时就震惊了,答曰：对矣!!……相信通过这简短的对话,读者应该能想到本场的主题了吧？,什么？你没听说过猥琐？,那么编者先来解释—下伺为猥琐。     

War3经典回忆之不屈的意志 Space的亡灵舞步

在UD界里一直有一个靠着意志来生存的传说,他在只有手指能动的情况下,依靠着坚强的意志击败了许许多多的顶尖选手,这其中还包括像MOON这种BUG级别的。相信各位读者看到这里就已经能猜得出本次经典回顾所要带来的是哪一场比赛了,他就是意志亡灵Space在W3CL战队联赛上对决MOON的一场异常精彩的RUSH攻防战!     

Catalytic dechlorination and detoxification of 1-（2-chlorophenyl） ethanol by Pd/Fe

1-（2-chlorophenyl） ethanol （CPE） is of health and environmental concern due to its toxicity and its use as an intermediate in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The current work deals with the catalytic reductive dechlorination and detoxification of CPE by Pd/Fe bimetal. CPE was effectively dechlorinated to l-phenyl ethanol （PE） accompanied by the equivalent release of chloride. The extent of CPE dechlorination increased with temperature, Fe dosage and Pd loading. A decrease in solution pH increased CPE dechlorination, resulting presumably from an increase in hydrogen production. Under the specific conditions of 20 g/L Pd/Fe, 0.10% Pd （w/w） and initial pH 5-6, the CPE dechlorination was completed within 145 rain. The dechlorination followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 56.7 kJ/mol. The results of toxicity testing showed that CPE was very toxic to Chlorella, whereas PE showed little toxicity. The toxicity of the reaction solution declined gradually and the promoting effects on Chlorella intensified consequently with the dechlorination process. Thus, the reductive dechlorination of CPE to PE by Pd/Fe was a detoxification process. It may be used to effectively reduce the toxicological effects of CPE-contaminated wastewater, thereby enhancing the performance of subsequent biological processes in wastewater treatment.     

Evaluation and comparison of 50 Hz current threshold of electrocutaneous sensations using different methods

Leakage currents, tiny currents flowing from an everyday-life appliance through the body to the ground, can cause a non-adequate perception （called electrocutaneous sensation, ECS） or even pain and should be avoided. Safety standards for low-frequency range are based on experimental results of current thresholds of electrocutaneous sensations, which however show a wide range between about 50 pA （rms） and 1000 μA （rms）. In order to be able to explain these differences, the perception threshold was measured repeatedly in experiments with test persons under identical experimental setup, but by means of different methods （measuring strategies）, namely： direct adjustment, classical threshold as amperage of 50% perception probability, and confidence rating procedure of signal detection theory. The current is injected using a I cm2 electrode at the highly touch sensitive part of the index fingertip. These investigations show for the first time that the threshold of electrocutaneous sensations is influenced both by adaptation to the non-adequate stimulus and individual, emotional factors. Theretbre, classical methods, on which the majority of the safety investigations are based, cannot be used to determine a leakage current threshold. The confidence rating procedure of the modem signal detection theory yields a value of 179.5 μA （rms） at 50 Hz power supply net frequency as the lower end of the 95% confidence range considering the variance in the investigated group. This value is expected to be free of adaptation influences, and is distinctly lower than the European limits and supports the stricter regulations of Canada and USA.     

Growth and yield of rice as affected by transplanting dates and seedlings per hill under high temperature of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan

Studies were initiated for two consecutive years to find out the effect of time of transplanting and seedlings hill^-l on the productivity of rice in Dera Ismail Khan district of North West Frontier Province （NWFP）, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements. Main plots consisted of four transplanting dates viz. 20th and 27th of June and 4th and 1 lth of July while sub-plots contained 1, 2, 3 or 4 seedlings hill^-1. Among transplanting dates, June 20th planted crop gave highest paddy yield and net return with I seedling hill^-1. It explains that the use of more seedlings hill^-1 not only adds to cost but is also a mere wastage of natural resources. Based on research findings, we conclude that the use of I seedling hill^-1 is most appropriate for timely sowing otherwise 4 seedlings hill^-1 should be used to compensate for the yield gap in late transplanted rice.