竞技场上的奖励

在强烈的争强好胜心理驱使下,希腊人热衷于体育竞技,并用那种在其他地区只有神明才能享有的盛大仪式为胜利者欢庆。一个人如果在伯罗奔尼撒半岛上的艾里斯附近举行的奥林匹克竞技会上获得胜利,他将由一群观众簇拥着来到附近的宙斯庙。在神殿里,他将站在宙斯的神像前接受一顶由橄榄叶编成的花冠作为奖励品,并把它戴在头上。这些获得冠军的人可以享受到无穷无尽的荣耀:诗人们用诗歌来赞美他们,雕刻家为他们立像,悲剧作家幼里披底斯却对给予胜利者的这种如     

透视新版"美国高考"

在获悉人们对新版"美国高考"--SAT议论纷纷时,辛辛那提州七山学校一名高三学生彼得·邓堡兹表示:"我的许多朋友也在慌乱之列",但他本人对此并不发愁。事实上,他喜欢测试中新增的写作题型--"我能够用自己的话表达思想"--在他看来美中不足的只是考试将占去周六上午的大块时光。2006年考生备忘录2005年3月粉墨登场的新SAT第一阶段考试将耗时更长(近4小时),难度未必加大。分数比例将有所调整:考试共三部分,每部分各为800分,满分从1600分提高到了2400分。不过试题较原先容易,故考生无须担忧。     

读《满洲的革命斗争,中国共产主义和苏联的利益(1922—1945)》注

这本书细致地研究了中国、朝鲜,特别是日本的资料,给人以极为深刻的印象。它明确地指出,至少在满洲,一九三七年后,共产党在农村居民中获得了相当高的威望。但只是在把动员抗日提到首位,而把激进的社会和经济改革降到次要地位后,才取得农民信任的。相反地,一九三七年以前,当满洲的共产党仍然强调土地改革和阶级斗争时,他们仅有少数追随者。这种情形的出现,主要是因为满洲的大多数农民是从华北迁来的,而华北的条件比东北要糟糕得多,     

Examining genetic and environmental effects on social aggression: a study of 6-year-old twins

Using a genetic design of 234 six-year-old twins, this study examined (a) the contribution of genes and environment to social versus physical aggression, and (b) whether the correlation between social and physical aggression can be explained by similar genetic or environmental factors or by a directional link between the phenotypes. For social aggression, substantial (shared and unique) environmental effects but only weak genetic effects were found. For physical aggression, significant effects of genes and unique environment were found. Bivariate modeling suggests that social and physical aggression share most of their underlying genes but only very few overlapping environmental factors. The correlation between the two phenotypes can also be explained by a directional effect from physical to social aggression.     

Constructing a taxonomy to support multi-document summarization of dissertation abstracts

INTRODUCTION Automatic summarization has attracted much attention both in the research community and busi- ness community as a solution for reducing informa- tion overload and helping users scan a large number of documents to identify documents of interest. A multi-document summary has several advantages over the single-document summary—it provides an integrated overview of a document set indicating common information across many documents, unique information in each document, and cross-d…     

欧氏平面几何的度量模型

<正> 1.引言 本文的目的是提供欧氏几何的一个这样的模型,它适合Birkhoff由度量途径建立欧氏几何的全部公理。这个模型,除了给出欧氏几何相对相容性的证明以外,还给大学二年级或初级大学水平的学生的几何课程供给数学不同领域相互作用的有趣的例子。我们所用到的技术包括来自几何,线性代数,微积分,微分方程各方面的技巧。这个模型是足够简单而详细的处理可以留给学生去做。     

如何选择课外探究活动的内容

开篇语：在有限的课堂教学中，科学知识不可能都采取科学探究的方法进行教学。有时需要在激发学生学习科学兴趣的前提下．借助于身边的一些器材，鼓励学生在课外进行一些探究活动。教师有效地组织学生进行课外探究活动是必要的，它是课堂教学的重要补充，它能帮助学生掌握科学知识，体验科学探究的过程，还能充实学生的科学生活经验。[编者按]     

历史可以修订吗?

历史可以修订吗?可以的。时过境迁,对于它的解释就可以有第二种想法了。同时还有一些新的发现。当最近的过去转化成较稳定的背景时,它的描绘者就得抛弃他的初步     

Identity concept formation during visual multiplechoice matching in a harbor seal (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phoca vitulina</Emphasis>)

Identity concept formation was tested in a harbor seal using a visual multiple-choice matching-tosample task. The seal was first trained on a two-alternative matching task. After criterion (≥80% correct choices in two successive sessions) was reached with two sets of two stimuli (Figure 3, Blocks A and B), stimulus sets were enlarged to six objects (Blocks C-G). After the seal reached criterion immediately with two successive sets (Blocks F and G), multiple-choice matching was introduced, first using stimulus sets of four familiar objects (Blocks H-M). After the seal reached the criterion immediately with two successive sets (Blocks L and M), completely new objects were used in two further stimulus sets (Blocks N and O). The seal immediately applied the matching rule in all four sessions (≥80% correct choices). In two further sessions with problems composed of all 38 familiar stimuli, the seal again reached the criterion (Block P). In the final, transfer session, 20 new problems were composed of 80 unknown stimuli (Block Q). The seal immediately applied the matching rule in these one-trial tests, showing that harbor seals can conceptualize complex visual information.