从知识发酵机理看管理咨询的成败

本文利用知识发酵模型，探讨分析了企业寻求管理咨询的原因及其工作机理，并在此基础上，提出了准确确定变革方向、完备知识母体、充分进行知识发酵、促进咨询方案的传播和熟化等规避咨询风险的对策建议。     

中国石油能源的未来发展战略探析

石油是关系到国家经济安全的重要战略物资。对中国来说，现阶段石油需求的对外依存度不断上升是不可遏制的趋势，未来中国石油供应问题将面临来自各方面的诸多挑战。为此。制定全面的、面向长远的石油能源发展战略迫在眉睫。有鉴于此，本文立足于大量的精确数据，分析了中国石油能源发展现状及面临的各种挑战，提出并剖析了相应的石油能源未来发展战略，对保障石油的稳定供给，从而进一步确保我国经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。     

解放思想 深化师范教育改革——“师范教育世纪末的思考”座谈会发言摘登

在全国各条战线进一步解放思想,加快改革开放和建设步伐的形势下,师范教育如何深化改革,主动适应经济、社会发展的需要,培养跨世纪的高质量师资,是当前广大师范教育工作者极为关心的问题。有鉴于此,本刊编辑部于1992年7月16日召开了“师范教育世纪末的思考”座谈会。北京师范大学等单位的部分中青年教育理论工作者应邀参加了座谈。本刊副主编王炳照同志主持了会议。现将这次座谈会上部分同志的发言摘登如下,以期引起更多的同志参加对此问题的讨论。     

以教育为志业:教育家的精神实质

教育家是追寻和守护教育的普遍价值并把这些价值贯彻在学校教育实践中的人,是把教育理想转变为教育现实的人。教育家具有教育良知、教育理想、教育智慧,他们以正直、勇敢、执著、忠诚的品格,突破各种困难,创造丰富的教育实践;他们关心人的心灵,关切人类和民族面临的重大问题,并且把自己的教育行动与社会的改造和进步关联起来。教育家以教育为志业,听从教育的召唤,以教育为至上,为教育而存在。教育家办学的本质是铸造学校的道德精神,塑造学校的道德文化,实现学校的卓越。     

Collaborative development of anatomy workshops for medical and dental students in Cambodia

After Phnom Penh was liberated from the Khmer Rouge in 1979, health science education in Cambodia had to be completely rebuilt. In this article, the authors report the results of a teaching collaboration between the University of Melbourne (Australia), the International University (Cambodia), and the University of Health Sciences (Cambodia). The main objectives in this collaboration were to provide the opportunity for dental and medical students in Cambodia to attend resourced anatomy workshops and to provide an opportunity for anatomy teachers in Cambodia to gain experience in implementing anatomy workshops of the style that are routinely used in the medical and dental curricula at the University of Melbourne. Experienced anatomy educators from the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, designed and resourced a series of workshops and then delivered these in collaboration with Cambodian teaching staff in Phnom Penh. The Cambodian students who participated in the workshops were incredibly engaged and enthusiastic. The students' evaluations (by questionnaire) indicated a very positive response to the workshops. All of the workshop resources were donated to the two universities so that the staff could continue to implement similar workshops, and plans were developed to continue our collaboration by developing more resourced workshops for this purpose in the future. Two staff members from Cambodia will travel to Melbourne to participate in anatomy workshops and dissection classes at the University of Melbourne. We hope that this extension of the collaboration provides further support and impetus for the development of anatomy education in Cambodia in the future.     

质疑建国以来的道德教育规训

今天的道德价值断裂 ,意味着道德教化理念与方式的偏向 ,反映了中国社会道德伦理教化资源与力量的匮乏。道德强制是一种恶。教育运用强制手段执行某种道德不仅是徒劳的 ,也是不道德的 ,用不道德的手段去实现高尚的道德 ,只能引起更多的不道德     

Response to weaning and dietary L-glutamine supplementation: metabolomic analysis in piglets by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

A novel metabolomic method based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to determine the metabolites in the serum of piglets in response to weaning and dietary L-glutamine (Gln) supplementation. Thirty-six 21-d-old piglets were randomly assigned into three groups. One group continued to suckle from the sows (suckling group), whereas the other two groups were weaned and their diets were supplemented with 1% (w/w) Gln or isonitrogenous L-alanine, respectively, representing Gln group or control group. Serum samples were collected to characterize metabolites after a 7-d treatment. Results showed that twenty metabolites were down-regulated significantly (P<0.05) in control piglets compared with suckling ones. These data demonstrated that early weaning causes a wide range of metabolic changes across arginine and proline metabolism, aminosugar and nucleotide metabolism, galactose metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid, and fatty acid metabolism. Dietary Gln supplementation increased the levels of creatinine, D-xylose, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, palmitelaidic acid, and α-L-galactofuranose (P<0.05) in early weaned piglets, and were involved in the arginine and proline metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. A leave-one-out cross-validation of random forest analysis indicated that creatinine was the most important metabolite among the three groups. Notably, the concentration of creatinine in control piglets was decreased (P=0.00001) compared to the suckling piglets, and increased (P=0.0003) in Gln-supplemented piglets. A correlation network for weaned and suckling piglets revealed that early weaning changed the metabolic pathways, leading to the abnormality of carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, which could be partially improved by dietary Gln supplementation. These findings provide fresh insight into the complex metabolic changes in response to early weaning and dietary Gln supplementation in piglets.     

心灵自由:语文课堂的精神魅力

语言是民族精神文化的凝聚,是每一个人获得精神滋养的源泉之一。语文课上的故事当然包含着人文的情怀,包含着人类生命体验的种种形式以及对它们的表达。正是因为语文的精神维度,语文的教学把儿童带进了人类丰富的经验之中,获得精神升华及其表现的方式。一个教师如果在教学中,试图让儿童的心智得以锻     

教育正义与教育改革的转向

我国教育改革取得了一定的成果，但存在的教育问题是多方面的，主要是在教育制度改革中的指导原则的定位存在偏差：教育改革追求社会效率和功利、忽视乃至回避了教育公正的问题，没有把公正或正义原则作为教育制度改革的根本性原则。新时期的教育改革必须追求教育正义，因为只有教育正义才能提供教育制度分配权利和义务的合理方法。教育正义是教育制度和教育行动的底线伦理，国家、政府和教育本身的教育行动必须首先追求教育正义，必须实现和保证教育制度的正义性。