Changes in running mechanics using conventional shoelace versus elastic shoe cover

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the perceived comfort, plantar pressure, and rearfoot motion between laced running shoes and elastic-covered running shoes. Fifteen male amateur runners participated in the study. Each participant was assigned laced running shoes and elastic-covered running shoes for use during the study. The perceived comfort, plantar loading, and rearfoot motion control of each type of shoes during running were recorded. When the laced running shoes and elastic-covered running shoes were compared, the elastic-covered running shoes were given a lower perceived comfort rating in terms of shoe length, width, heel cup fitting, and forefoot cushioning. The elastic-covered running shoes also recorded higher peak plantar pressure in the lateral side of the forefoot, as well as larger maximum rearfoot pronation. Overall, shoelaces can help runners obtain better foot-shoe fit. They increase the perceived comfort, and decrease the maximum pronation and plantar pressure. Moreover, shoelaces may help prevent injury in running by allowing better control of the aforementioned factors.     

基于组织公民行为的知识共享分析

组织公民行为是描述那些无法用奖惩系统来评定,但能够提高组织效能的员工角色外行为.根据知识共享活动的特点,从组织公民行为视角对知识共享影响因素进行研究,利用AMOS软件构建了理论模型并通过实证研究对其验证.研究发现:能够正向影响组织公民行为产生的因素中,工作满意和心理资本不能直接对知识共享产生正向影响;信任与组织承诺对知识共享有正向影响.同时,心理资本对工作满意和组织承诺有正向影响;工作满意对组织承诺和信任有正向影响.     

Activity Settings and Daily Routines in Preschool Classrooms: Diverse Experiences in Early Learning Settings for Low-Income Children

This paper examines activity settings and daily classroom routines experienced by 3- and 4-year-old low-income children in public center-based preschool programs, private center-based programs, and family child care homes. Two daily routine profiles were identified using a time-sampling coding procedure: a High Free-Choice pattern in which children spent a majority of their day engaged in child-directed free-choice activity settings combined with relatively low amounts of teacher-directed activity, and a Structured-Balanced pattern in which children spent relatively equal proportions of their day engaged in child-directed free-choice activity settings and teacher-directed small- and whole-group activities. Daily routine profiles were associated with program type and curriculum use but not with measures of process quality. Children in Structured-Balanced classrooms had more opportunities to engage in language and literacy and math activities, whereas children in High Free-Choice classrooms had more opportunities for gross motor and fantasy play. Being in a Structured-Balanced classroom was associated with children's language scores but profiles were not associated with measures of children's math reasoning or socio-emotional behavior. Consideration of teachers' structuring of daily routines represents a valuable way to understand nuances in the provision of learning experiences for young children in the context of current views about developmentally appropriate practice and school readiness.     

为什么需要教育哲学--为教育的应然研究做一个哲学辩护

尽管现实的教育理论排斥教育应然问题的研究,但是关于教育应然问题的认识和判断是我们实现教育实践改善的一种重要的思想条件。在一定意义上说,教育应然问题研究的欠缺是教育学的病症之一。教育哲学的意义就在于它是一种探询教育的价值应然的学术,它通过思想而为追求美好生活的应然的教育理想进行辩护,即为精神的教化辩护。     

Fashion Week Dazzles Beijing：China International Fashion Week displays 2006 spring＆ summer collections

China International Fashion Week, an annual event for fashion people from across the globe, has wrapped up recently in Beijing.22 brand names, 25 celebrated designers as well as more than 100 young design talents have staged some 50 catwalk show of their new attires,demonstrating update trends of 2006 spring ＆ summer collections.     

我国经济发达地区学生游泳情况研究——以浙江省为例

以对浙江省大、中、小学学生和体育教师的调查数据为依据,兼从社会和经济的层面,深入分析了浙江省推行学生人人会游泳的背景和基础、优势和制约因素,针对各地区经济发展不平衡的实际,提出了分步实施的建议和有针对性的实施方案与组织原则.     

父母离婚,该如何对孩子说

虽说现在社会上对离婚宽容了许多,但离婚仍是个沉重的话题。特别是有孩子的当事人,对所要面对的抉择更加痛苦,他们既怕给孩子留下心理阴影,又为孩子的未来担心,他们甚至不知该如何开口告诉孩子这一现实。有一位女士离婚一年了,还没把她和丈夫离异的事告诉9岁的女儿。其实女儿看到父母分开那么久,多少也知道一些。这位女士说她每次看见女儿充满疑虑的眼神时便欲言又止。     

对现代学校考试的教育哲学分析

作为甄别、分等、选拔学生的重要机制，考试成为控制教育资源和教育机会分配的重要方式，也是教育等级化、知识特定化、教学标准化的合法化方式。考试不仅操纵着整个教育的理念与价值，而且也控制着培养目标和培养方式，致使学校的选拔功能湮没了教化功能。由于考试所强调的标准化和客观性，受考试控制的教育倾向于复制行为技能标准化的教育产品，这造成教育所培养的人的精神单面化。 一、考试的标准化：规训人的方式 考试的强制以教育的“科学化”方式出现，而所谓的科学化不过是教学的程序化与模式化，以及考试的标准化与答案的惟一正确化…     

虚拟企业知识创新发酵模型研究

经济全球化的今天,虚拟企业作为一种新型的企业组织形式,正在成为现代企业发展的一个重要方向,而虚拟企业中知识创新能力是虚拟企业组织得以生存和发展的核心所在.因此,研究虚拟企业中知识创新机制对于提高虚拟企业的竞争力和促进经济的可持续发展具有重要的理论意义和现实意义.本文首先借助仿生学的相关理论,在基于知识的原生性、遗传变异性、群合性、媒合性的假设基础上,建立知识创新的知识发酵模型;然后,对虚拟企业中基于知识发酵模型的知识创新过程从个人、成员企业、虚拟企业3个维度进行了详细的分析;进一步提出了后续尚需研究的方向与内容.     

为什么教育研究要追求普遍性与客观性

相对主义的教育研究观认为,基于研究者个人的主观立场,研究观点与思想不可能形成普遍、客观的理论,追求普遍性和客观性是教育研究的误区。但正确、真实、合理的教育观点必然是普遍的,作为认识教育实在的研究,本质上追求的是教育理论或知识的客观性和普遍性。这是教育研究的构成性规则和责任。教育理论的合理性,在于研究者使用的理据是普遍的,在于观点具有普遍性和客观性。当下教育研究拒绝理论的普遍性和客观性,导致研究缺乏严肃的理论检验,导致研究观点的任意性。教育研究建筑有效的教育理论,就要超越主观因素,追求客观性和普遍性的理论思想。