Activity Settings and Daily Routines in Preschool Classrooms: Diverse Experiences in Early Learning Settings for Low-Income Children

This paper examines activity settings and daily classroom routines experienced by 3- and 4-year-old low-income children in public center-based preschool programs, private center-based programs, and family child care homes. Two daily routine profiles were identified using a time-sampling coding procedure: a High Free-Choice pattern in which children spent a majority of their day engaged in child-directed free-choice activity settings combined with relatively low amounts of teacher-directed activity, and a Structured-Balanced pattern in which children spent relatively equal proportions of their day engaged in child-directed free-choice activity settings and teacher-directed small- and whole-group activities. Daily routine profiles were associated with program type and curriculum use but not with measures of process quality. Children in Structured-Balanced classrooms had more opportunities to engage in language and literacy and math activities, whereas children in High Free-Choice classrooms had more opportunities for gross motor and fantasy play. Being in a Structured-Balanced classroom was associated with children's language scores but profiles were not associated with measures of children's math reasoning or socio-emotional behavior. Consideration of teachers' structuring of daily routines represents a valuable way to understand nuances in the provision of learning experiences for young children in the context of current views about developmentally appropriate practice and school readiness.     

南岳生态旅游资源开发

南岳衡山是我国五岳名山之一,它具有丰富的自然和人文旅游资源,为了发展南岳旅游的品牌优势,南岳可以考虑走可持续发展的生态旅游之路.     

生命教育:使教育成为善业

生命虽然不是教育的基点,但教育有责任呵护生命,促进生命更高意义的实现。教育对儿童的生命世界缺乏了解,对于生命的成长缺乏真正的关心和促进,以致有可能对生命和精神的发展造成扭曲。本文从对生命的理解出发,认为护生、厚生是教育的使命,并提出了生命教育的原则:热爱生命,维护生命尊严;关爱生命,实现生命共生;承诺生命,实现生命价值;德化生命,实现生命幸福。     

Computation of rolling resistance caused by rubber hysteresis of truck radial tire

Applying the results of stress and strain calculated by 3D finite element model of truck radial tire 11.00R20, a MATLAB program used to compute rolling resistance of the tire caused by hysteresis rolling resistance (HRR) is worked out. The HRR distribution on different part of tire section, and the effects of speed, load, internal pressure and the width of the rim on HRR are analyzed. The analysis results showed that energy loss produced by tread rubber contributes the most part to HRR of the whole tire, and that to decrease the HRR, the hysteresis factor of the tread rubber should be reduced, and the distribution of the stress and strain on the section be optimized.     

Dynamic Responses Analysis of a Building Structure Subjected to Ground Shock from a Tunnel Explosion

Dynamic responses of a multi-storey building without or with a sliding base-isolation device for ground shock induced by an in-tunnel explosion are numerically analyzed. The effect of an adjacent tunnel in between the building and the explosion tunnel, which affects ground shock propagation, is considered in the analysis. Different modeling methods, such as the eight-node equal-parametric finite element and mass-lumped system, are used to establish the coupling model consisting of the two adjacent tunnels, the surrounding soil medium with the Lysmer viscous boundary condition, and the multi-storey building with or without the sliding base-isolation device. In numerical calculations, a continuous friction model, which is different from the traditional Coulomb friction model, is adopted to improve the computational efficiency and reduce the accumulated errors. Some example analyses are subsequently performed to study the response characteristics of the building and the sliding base-isolation device to ground shock. The effect of the adjacent tunnel in between the building and the explosion tunnel on the ground shock wave propagation is also investigated. T.he final conclusions based on the numerical results will provide some guidance in engineering practice.     

什么是正义而又正派的教育——我国教育改革的症结

我国的教育改革虽然取得了一定的成果,但同时也存在多方面的教育问题,其中最主要的是教育制度改革中的指导原则定位存在偏差:教育改革追求社会效率和功利、忽视乃至回避了教育公正的问题,没有把公正或正义原则作为教育制度改革的根本性原则,从而在全社会范围内造成了较普遍性的教育不平等、教育权利不受保护等现象。为了建构一个正义而又正派的教育制度,当前时期教育改革的重要任务是追求和实现教育正义,因为只有教育正义才能提供教育制度分配权利和义务的合理方法。     

高等教育入学体制与社会身份——对教育机会分配的教育哲学分析

本针对高等教育入学制度的演变和考试制度的建立，分析了高等教育的社会身份分配的机制和社会准精英的选拔制度的建立。教育体制的精英主义和效率至上，使整个教育倾向于层层擢选少数精英和淘汰多数人。考试的公正原则意味着优胜劣汰和适生存，这在基础教育中造成了严重的教育不平等现象。在高考制度的影响下，课程、知识、教育过程以考试为转移。考试成为控制学校教育的霸权话语。     

最新标签本体：标签和民俗分类法语义模型

当前,人们越来越关注协作化标签系统中标签数据的表示和共享。传统的标签（指随意标注的、没有与结构化本体相关联的标签）由于语言和语法的差异以及录入错误等,不适于做协作化处理。而且标签反映的是用户个人的观点,也不对同义词、词形变化或者其他对照映射关系做规范处理。因此笔者认为,标签的常规处理方法对语义协作的贡献非常有限,即便是有,要让计算机实现自动共享也是极其困难的。在语义层面上讨论数种协作标签标注的方法,提出一个标签协作标注和设计民俗分类法的概念模型,同时比较已有的标签本体,提出一个评价标准,并参照该标准讨论这些标签本体的优缺点。     

Elucidating the Role of Mass Transfer in Electrochemical Redox Reactions on Electrospun Fibers

Mass transfer can tune the surface concentration of reactants and products and subsequently influence the catalytic performance.The morphology of nanomaterials plays an important role in the mass transfer of reaction microdomains,but related studies are lacking.Herein,a facile electrospinning technique utilizing cellulose was employed to fabricate a series of carbon nanofibers with different diameters,which exhibited excellent electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction and oxygen evolution react...