美国数据安全政策的演化路径、特征及启示

美国数据安全政策的发展与互联网、数字技术的发展有着密切的联系,数据安全由克林顿时代的网络基础设施保护,到布什时代的网络反恐,再到奥巴马时代的创建网络司令部,美国的数据安全战略经历了一个"从被动预防到主动出击"的演化过程,本文对美国数据安全的政策演化路径进行研究,以期对我国数据安全政策制订予以借鉴。     

信息资源优化配置的效率研究

信息资源作为一种经济资源，在推动经济发展的过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。由于信息资源具有稀缺性，因此必须对信息资源优化配置。围绕如何提高信息资源的配置效率，本文阐述了以下4个部分内容：基本概念的界定；信息资源配置效率的衡量标准；信息资源优化配置的内容；信息资源配置效率的实现。     

黑龙江省专利文献资源调查与布局研究

本文通过对黑龙江省专利文献资源分布情况的调查与统计分析,提出了我省专利文献资源合理布局的一些设想。     

铃兰族(广义)花粉形态与叶表皮特征的研究

对铃兰族(广义)7个属分别作了花粉(17种)扫描电镜观察和叶表皮(12种)的光学显微镜和 扫描电镜观察。花粉可分为8个类型。在狭义的铃兰族的4个属内，花粉全为远极单槽，舟状。它们 的外壁除夏须草属外，都具细孔。夏须草属的花粉外壁则为细皱。  Hutchinson(1934)的蜘蛛抱蛋族 花粉形态变异很大，其中开口箭属和万年青属的花粉为远极单槽，舟形，外壁具穿孔或网纹，而蜘蛛抱 蛋属的花粉则为球状，无萌发孔。其间的显著差异支持Nakai为前两个属建立万年青族(Rohdeae)。 表1归纳了7个属的花粉形态；图1是我们对铃兰族(广义)花粉形态演化的见解。叶表皮观察表明，气 孔器为无规则型，上表皮角质层主要为条纹加厚，或均匀加厚，而铃兰属的角质层秕糠状加厚。7个属的叶表皮特征归纳于表2。     

芍药属的研究(1)——国产几个野生种核型的报道

In the present paper 8 species with 15 populations of the genus Paeonia L. (if P. papaveracea and P. japonica are recognised as species) were collected from Sichuan, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces (see the Appendix for detail of the materials).  The micrographs of their somatic metaphase (also Mii in the case of P.veitchii) are shown in Plates 1-4, the karyo- type formulae, ranges of chromosome length and classification of karyotypes according to Steb- bins (1971) are shown in Table 5: the idiograms in Figs. 1-2, and the parameters of chromo- somes in Table 1-4.  The essential points are mentioned as follows:        (1)   Chromosomes of the various species in the section Modan have so far been examined and they are all diploid, the two species in the section Onaepia are also diploid, and thus tetraploids exist only in the section Paeonia.        (2)  Chromosomes in the genus Paeonia are relatively stable except for the differentiation of ploidy.  The karyotypes (Table 1-4) show no differences among different taxa in Sect. Modan and the same can also be said about the taxa in Sect. Paeonia (Table 1).  Not only are the karyotypes very similar, but also among the members within  either section have the same parameters of chromosomes, and, differences, if occur, are not statistically significant. Between the two sections, however, the situation is different. The arm ratios of the first pairs of chromosomes in Sect. Modan are 1.53, 1.52 and 1.48 (Table 1), but those in Sect. Paeonia are 1.12-1.28 (Table 2-4), 95% confidence limits are 1.46-1.60 for the section Modan and 1.07-1.28 (1.21-1.35 only for PB85078) for the section Paeonia, not overlapping, which indi- cates that the two sections have differentiated in respect of the first pairs of chromosomes.        (3)The population PB85024, which belongs to the P. obovata complex, has a karyotype of 2B (stebbins, 1971), which is a new one in the genus Paeonia. This karyotype is a stable one, for several individuals in the population are uniform in this respect, which shows that Steb- bins’ (1971) generalization that all the species in Paeonia have 2A does not hold true.        (4)  Three populations of P. obovata complex studied in this work from Sichuan and Shaanxi are all tetraploids, and one from Hebei is a diploid.  From the present work and the previcus reports, the materials from Japan and Korea, no matter whether flowers are pink or white, are diploids, those from Heilongjiang Province (with both pink and white flowers) (Liu Ming-yuan, personal communication) and from Heibei Province (with pink flowers) in China are also diploids, the one from Sakhalin (pink flowers) is tetraploid, those from Priamur of the Soviet Union are a tetraploid (with white flowers) and a diploid (with pink flowers), and those from Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) and western Sichuan (with both pink and white flowers) are all tetraploids.  As far as we have now known, ploidy in this parti- cular complex is correlated with the geographical distribution: diploids are found in the cen- tral part, tetraploids occur in the northern limits, and in the south  letraploids are the only cytotype.      (5)  The materials of P. mairei from western Sichuan and Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) are found all to be tetraploids, which shows that two cytotypes, diploid and tetraploid, exist in this  species,  but the geographical distribution pattern of these two cytotypes is to be revealed in the future investigation.     

Cr12MoV模具钢激光涂层的耐磨性能分析

分析Cr12MoV模具钢激光涂层的耐磨性能。本文通过摩擦磨损实验测出经过激光熔覆处理后的Cr12MoV模具钢耐磨性和没有经过处理的Cr12MoV模具钢耐磨性的数据,再对数据进行计算、观察、分析作出相应的对比曲线图,以此来研究Cr12MoV模具钢图层的耐磨性。