游戏、游戏活动和技术

游戏活动自文明萌芽时期就有了,随着逐渐扩及群众性娱乐、教学计划和商业推销活动之后,便成了一种空前普遍化的现象。任何游戏都要有对立的双方或多方相互竞争才能进行。这就使游戏活动在临床治疗中找到了用场(“用游戏消除冲突”)並促使人们对游戏展开技术革新——改变游戏设备,但不改变游戏的主旨。这类革新中最新的一项,是微信息处理机或“芯片”。     

電是什么?

在大自然中,電以形形色色的姿態出現。其中最顯著、最普遍的,就是閃電。鄰近北極地帶(如蘇聯的北方)的居民很熟悉這些雄偉的現象:有時候,在夜間的天空上出現了紅、紫、黄、綠各種顏色的寬闊的、明亮的帶子。它們形成火燄般的帷幕,它們離奇地捲起而又展開。這是“北極光”,它的產生就是由於電。在高山上,當空氣相當乾燥的時候,可以看到“電光”。它們表現爲在金屬物體的尖端上的小小的火燄。古     

西点怎样培养领导者?

美国西点陆军学校一向以培养最优秀的领导人才为己任。西点自1802年创校以来,建立了一套独特的教学体系,为国家社会栽培最杰出的领导人才。西点的独特之处是"教给人品德。"一个有品德的领导人,具有一般领导人物所应具有的特质、     

爱因斯坦在长岛的那个夏天

1939年夏天,爱因斯坦到位于纽约东部的长岛度假.而我的祖父--大卫·罗斯曼,在那里经营着罗斯曼百货公司.6月的一天,爱因斯坦走进店里.尽管祖父一眼就认出了他,但还是把他当作一名普通顾客对待.     

德国的大学和科学

你们已经听说我是一个数学家。我的兴趣一直集中于科学本身，而不是它的科学机构和科学组织。不过，今晚我要谈的主要内容是关于德国的大学和科学研究机构，所以我恳求诸位理解我不是谈论这一主题的专家。我是通过我     

Preschoolers' use of morphosyntactic cues to identify generic sentences: indefinite singular noun phrases, tense, and aspect

Generic sentences (e.g., "Birds lay eggs") convey generalizations about entire categories and may thus be an important source of knowledge for children. However, these sentences cannot be identified by a simple rule, requiring instead the integration of multiple cues. The present studies focused on 3- to 5-year-olds' (N = 91) use of morphosyntactic cues--in particular, on whether children can (a) interpret indefinite singular noun phrases (e.g., "a strawberry") as generic and (b) use a verb's tense and aspect (e.g., "A bat sleeps/slept/is sleeping upside down") to determine whether its subject noun phrase is generic. Children demonstrated sensitivity to both cues. Thus, solving the in-principle problem of identifying generics may not be beyond the reach of young children's comprehension skills.     

Maternal employment, work schedules, and children's body mass index

Previous work has shown that mothers' employment is associated with increases in children's body mass index (BMI), a measure of weight for height. Nonstandard work (working evenings or nights, weekends, or an irregular shift) may also be associated with children's BMI. This article examines the association between maternal work and children's BMI and considers the influence of mothers' nonstandard work schedules. Using data from school-age children (approximately 8 to 12 years) in the NICHD's Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 990), this study found that an increase in the total time a mother is employed is associated with an increase in her child's BMI; additionally, the association between maternal employment and children's weight is much stronger at 6th grade relative to younger ages. There was no evidence that maternal or home characteristics or children's time use mediated these associations, nor was there any evidence that nonstandard work was associated with children's BMI. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.     

Computer-assisted remedial reading intervention for school beginners at risk for reading disability

The aim of the longitudinal study was to investigate whether a computer application designed for remedial reading training can enhance letter knowledge, reading accuracy, fluency, and spelling of at-risk children. The participants, 7-year-old Finnish school beginners (N=166), were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (a) regular remedial reading intervention (n=25), (b) computer-assessed reading intervention (n=25), and (c) mainstream reading instruction (n=116). Based on the results, computer-assisted remedial reading intervention was highly beneficial, whereas regular type of intervention was less successful. The results indicated that at-risk children require computer-based letter-name and letter-sound training to acquire adequate decoding and spelling skills, and to reach the level of their non-at-risk peers.     

Infant and maternal sensitivity to interpersonal timing

A perturbation paradigm was employed to assess 3- and 6-month-old infants' and their mothers' sensitivity to a 3-s temporal delay implemented in an ongoing televised interaction. At both ages, the temporal delay affected infant but not maternal behavior and only when implementing the temporal delay in maternal (Experiment 1, N=64) but not infant (Experiment 2, N=60) behavior. In addition, the experimental manipulation influenced promptness of maternal smiling responses reliably more than promptness of infant smiling responses. The findings suggest that the timing of maternal behavior plays an important role in infants' perception of maternal responsiveness, whereas mothers seem to monitor general aspects of infant behavior such as overall level of engagement.