对北京和香港两地小学生奥林匹克教育计划作用效果的比较研究

就奥林匹克教育计划对香港、北京两地学生作用的效果进行比较研究。结果显示:经12周的实验后,无论香港还是北京的活动实验组,在奥林匹克知识方面都获得了极大的提高。同时,教师也在体育课上越来越多地讲授相关的奥林匹克知识(P<0.01)。在培养学生公平竞争和行为的道德观念方面,香港地区的理论实验组和活动实验组在道德理性和行为方面的得分远远高于对照组(P<0.01)。北京的活动实验组在道德取向方面的得分远远高于对照组和理论实验组(P<0.01),而活动实验组和理论实验组在道德行为方面的得分远远高于对照组(P<0.01)。实验后两地区间的所有变量并不存在显著性差异。     

The Effects of Stereotyped Toys and Gender on Play Assessment in Children Aged 18-47 Months

The goals of the present study were to identify the impact particular stereotyped toys have on young children's complexity of play; to identify how these behaviours may influence children's cognitive development using play assessment; and to ascertain the toys that would be most appropriate for use in play assessment sessions. A total of 30 children who ranged in age from 18-47 months were observed playing for 30 minutes in a playroom. Analyses revealed that higher levels of play complexity were only manifested when children played with female stereotyped toys. The implications for practitioners of this and other findings are discussed.     

Alcohol Awareness Counselor Training: Utilizing a DWI Program

This article describes a cooperative effort of a community agency and a counselor education program in dealing with community alcohol problems. A DWI education and awareness program and a counselor training program in alcohol problems are presented. The training program uses students at four phases of development to counsel court-referred clients. Each phase is described in terms of goals, activity, feedback focus, and expected outcome. This program provides benefits for all involved: (a) students have real-life counseling experiences, (b) the agency maintains contact and uses the resources of university programs, and (c) the university has the opportunity to respond to a current issue in the community.     

Counselor Preparation: A Semantic Differential Evaluation

Counselors and superintendents from Tennessee and Indiana were administered a semantic differential to compare their perceptions of counselor programs as reflected by counselor performance in 11 skill areas. Counselors rated their training programs higher than did the superintendents but did agree with the superintendents that the best counselor preparation was in educational counseling, pupil appraisal, public relations, and guidance program coordination. Counselors also agreed with the superintendents that better counselor preparation was needed in parental consulting, vocational counseling, and research. Primary disagreement between counselors and superintendents centered on personal-social counseling, an area in which counselors feel well prepared.