Can the subaltern ‘speak’ science? An intersectional analysis of performances of ‘talking science through muscular intellect’ by ‘subaltern’ students in UK urban secondary science classrooms

Cultural Studies of Science Education - This paper draws on Judith Butler’s concepts of intelligibility and identity as performance to make sense of enactments of ‘subaltern’...     

Using Response Time to Detect Item Preknowledge in Computer‐Based Licensure Examinations

This article addresses the issue of how to detect item preknowledge using item response time data in two computer‐based large‐scale licensure examinations. Item preknowledge is indicated by an unexpected short response time and a correct response. Two samples were used for detecting item preknowledge for each examination. The first sample was from the early stage of the operational test and was used for item calibration. The second sample was from the late stage of the operational test, which may feature item preknowledge. The purpose of this research was to explore whether there was evidence of item preknowledge and compromised items in the second sample using the parameters estimated from the first sample. The results showed that for one nonadaptive operational examination, two items (of 111) were potentially exposed, and two candidates (of 1,172) showed some indications of preknowledge on multiple items. For another licensure examination that featured computerized adaptive testing, there was no indication of item preknowledge or compromised items. Implications for detected aberrant examinees and compromised items are discussed in the article.     

俺没出息俺回家

卜海,31岁,青岛某高校毕业,现居家乡,山东省一个并不发达的地级市。现在,卜海的那帮“发小儿”只要坐在一起,都有个既定的娱乐项目,每够都要姆着浓厚的乡音,把卜海的名言生动地演绎一遍：“俺没出息,俺回家。”     

Regional association criteria and the standards for college libraries: The informal role of quantitative input measures for libraries in accreditation

Librarians use the Standards for College Libraries in accreditation reviews, and most accrediting bodies, while not formally adopting the Standards, deem them a credible auxiliary tool. A comparison reveals they address issues raised by accreditation criteria. Questions about them remain, however, and a demonstrable basis in research would increase their usefulness.     

Visual Chunking Skills of Hong Kong Children

This study investigated the development of visual chunking skills in the processing of Chinese characters among Hong Kong pupils. One-hundred-seventy-nine primary school students from first, second and fourth grades were administered a character copying task. Children as young as 6 years of age were aware of character units and were able to apply visual chunking strategies when processing characters. Children in higher grades performed better than those in lower grades on every character type, and the types of errors they made revealed that their chunking level was higher than that of younger children. Differences between ability groups emerged in second grade and vanished in fourth grade, suggesting that children with a lower reading ability are slower to develop advanced chunking skills.     

Plant defences against excessive light studied in the microalga Dunaliella

Plants are susceptible to a variety of stresses. Among them is excessive light, and for this a number of defence mechanisms have evolved. Dunaliella is remarkable in being able to tolerate not only exceptionally saline conditions but also very high intensities of light. Investigation of the factors involved has given new insights into photoprotective mechanisms generally.     

Perspective Taking: Training Procedures in Developmentally Typical Preschoolers. Different Intervention Methods and Their Effectiveness

Perspective taking, defined as the ability to take on the visual, cognitive, and affective perspective of others, is considered a highly adaptive skill, vital for the child’s social, intellectual, and emotional development. This article provides a critical analysis of scientific psychological literature from 1995 to the present on the main methods of intervention used to promote perspective taking in developmentally typical preschool children (3–5 years). The focus is on different methodological approaches, and how the cognitive and emotional dimensions that make up this capacity have been developed through specific operational procedures, emphasizing their strengths and critical factors. In particular, it focuses on the intervention methods based on three major analytical perspectives, specifically the cognitive approach [Theory of Mind (ToM)], the behaviorist approach [Relational Frame Theory (RFT)], and finally, the socio-constructionist approach, are compared. Analysis of the collected data has revealed that despite some critical yet controversial factors, it is actually possible to teach and improve perspective taking in preschoolers through different methods, applicable in different contexts and dependent on the involvement of significant adults, such as parents and educators.