Keepers of the sacred flame: patriotism,politics and the Chinese history subject community in Hong Kong

Chinese history (a subject entirely separate and distinct from ‘history’) has long been the most politically sensitive subject in Hong Kong's school curriculum. Previous studies have analysed the policies of the colonial and postcolonial Governments towards this subject. Here, we examine the role played by the Chinese history subject community (comprising teachers, academics and officials in the Government's educational bureaucracy), and look at the way in which this has operated as an autonomous interest group. We conclude that the influence of this subject community has been a key factor limiting the extent to which the local educational authorities have been able to develop a coherent policy in relation to history education in general, and the teaching of national history in particular. Specifically, advocates of the maintenance of Chinese history as a separate subject within the school curriculum have been able, by associating themselves with the post‐1997 agenda of ‘patriotic education’, to effectively hoist the local educational bureaucracy with its own petard.     

Cognitive processing, language awareness, and reading in Grade 2 and Grade 4 children

The role of cognitive processing and language awareness in relation to reading is discussed. The framework for cognitive processing was Luria's (1966a, Higher cortical functions in man, New York: Basic Books; 1966b, Human brain and psychological processes, New York: Harper & Row) simultaneous and successive syntheses. Language awareness involved understanding of phonological representation, ambiguities, and incongruities. The sample of 56 Grade 2 and 64 Grade 4 children was administered a battery of seven “simultaneous-successive” tasks. Principal component and promax oblique factor analyses and factor scores were used to classify the children as low-low, low-high, high-low, and high-high simultaneous-successive “processors.” A series of ANOVAs showed significant differences by grade and level of cognitive processing for the three language awareness tasks and for reading. These tasks and factor scores derived from the simultaneous and successive components of the within correlation matrix for the total sample of 120 children after removing covariance associated with the two grades were subjected to stepwise multiple regression analyses and a path analysis to tease out the contribution of these components to reading. Results showed a much greater direct effect from language awareness on reading than simultaneous and successive syntheses. Ability to reflect on language and to use language as “disembedded modes of thinking” are seen as central to reading acquisition and development.     

The Impact of Item Stem Format on the Dimensional Structure of Mathematics Assessments

Item stem formats can alter the cognitive complexity as well as the type of abilities required for solving mathematics items. Consequently, it is possible that item stem formats can affect the dimensional structure of mathematics assessments. This empirical study investigated the relationship between item stem format and the dimensionality of mathematics assessments. A sample of 671 sixth-grade students was given two forms of a mathematics assessment in which mathematical expression (ME) items and word problems (WP) were used to measure the same content. The effects of mathematical language and reading abilities in responding to ME and WP items were explored using unidimensional and multidimensional item response theory models. The results showed that WP and ME items appear to differ with regard to the underlying abilities required to answer these items. Hence, the multidimensional model fit the response data better than the unidimensional model. For the accurate assessment of mathematics achievement, students’ reading and mathematical language abilities should also be considered when implementing mathematics assessments with ME and WP items.     

环渤海-京津冀-首都(圈)空间格局的合理组织

空间规划不成体系导致规划之间的边界不清、空间规划资源严重浪费、同一区域在短期内被反复规划是当前我国区域治理体系存在的突出问题,这一问题在环渤海、京津冀、首都(圈)表现尤为明显。近3年,就部署开展了3项规划:环渤海规划、京津冀规划和首都圈规划。文章以中科院长期配合国家和地方在该区域开展的重大规划、就该区域可持续发展开展的咨询项目成果为基础,从空间合理组织的视角,分析3项规划功能定位和主体内容。提出环渤海规划的定位是"概念布局",顶层设计该空间尺度的区域开发保护总体格局、各次区域之间的关系格局以及该区域尺度上应该实施的管制格局;京津冀规划要解决区域之间、城乡之间、城市之间相互作用和相互影响下所产生的一系列结构问题,通过协同创新实现发展方式、路径和目标的优化调整,促进区域可持续和具有竞争力的发展;首都(圈)规划的核心是如何实施对北京最严格的空间管制,促进功能合理疏解,满足精细管理的需要。最后,在规划立法、提高规划科学性、形成空间规划体系、实施规划监控评估修订制度等方面就完善我国区域治理体系提出了建议。     

Are Socially Anxious Children Poor or Advanced Mindreaders?

Why are some children more socially anxious than others? One theory holds that socially anxious children are poor mindreaders, which hampers their social interactions; another that socially anxious children are advanced mindreaders leading to heightened self-consciousness in social situations. To test these theories simultaneously, this study (N = 105, ages 8–12) assessed children's mindreading (accuracy in detecting mental states from the eye region), self-consciousness (indexed as physiological blushing during public performance), and social anxiety levels. Results support both theories, showing a quadratic relation between mindreading and social anxiety. Low mindreading was related to clinical levels of social anxiety. High mindreading was related to subclinical levels of social anxiety through blushing. Our findings suggest two social-cognitive pathways to heightened social anxiety.     

基于STEP 7的步进式加热炉炉温控制系统

对步进式加热炉炉温控制系统创建了一个自动化解决方案,使加热炉炉温燃烧控制实现全自动操作,并保证加热炉正常连续运行。同时介绍了脉冲式燃烧控制技术原理在本系统中的应用特点,介绍了STEP 7和WinCC V6.0软件开发环境向用户提供操作方便、界面友好的自动化开发平台。     

The role of sensitivity to rhymes,phonemes and tones in reading english and chinese pseudowords

This study investigated the effect of phonological sensitivity of two comparable groups of grades 4 and 5 Chinese children, one a Putonghua-speaking group (n = 77) from Beijing and the other a Cantonese-speaking group (n = 80) from Hong Kong on English and Chinese pseudoword reading. It was hypothesized that the Beijing group would process more accurately suprasegmental lexical tones and phonological sensitivity tasks (rhyme detection and discrimination, two phoneme segmentation tasks deleting initial, medial and final phonemes) than their Hong Kong counterparts. Multivariate analyses of variance of the five tasks considered conjointly as dependent variables and spoken language groups and grades as independent variables confirmed the hypothesis. Separate stepwise multiple regression analyses with English and Chinese pseudoword reading as criteria also confirmed the related hypothesis of differential contribution by the speech-sound repetition and phonological sensitivity tasks to English and Chinese pseudoword reading. The better performance of the Putonghua group compared with the Cantonese counterpart might be explained by the phonologically more salient Putonghua mediated by the use of Pinyin as an adjunct in character and word reading.     

TISAB对测定水中微量氟的影响

TISAB是一种用于测定水中微量氟的总离子强度缓冲溶液，其在测定中的作用可分为四个方面：1．固定溶液的离子强度；2．保持待测液PH值稳定；3．消除铝、铁离子对测定结果的干扰；4．缩短离子平衡时间，加快电极响应。TISAB放置时间过长，其掩蔽能力有明显下降，在使用前应重新配制。     

网络表示学习在学者科研合作预测中的应用研究

在大数据环境下,科研合作是提高科研水平、促进科研产出的重要途径。如何在浩如烟海的学者、机构、领域信息中准确地找到与自身研究方向相近的合作对象是近年来科研合作预测的研究重点。本文通过科学学领域科学文献的记录数据,构建作者-作者、机构-机构、作者-机构、作者-关键词、机构-关键词的共现网络,接着通过网络表示方法学习作者、机构、关键词在所处网络中的语境信息,将信息实体表示成相同空间的低维稠密向量,最后根据表示向量的相似度计算实现合作对象、合作领域挖掘。通过网络表示学习方法能实现多种异质信息融合,定量计算各信息实体间的关联强度,可以很好地捕捉科研网络中学者-学者、学者-机构、学者-关键词的关系,准确地为学者挖掘潜在合作者、合作机构和关键词。