The use of microcomputer technology in a modular approach to reading and reading difficulties

This paper outlines the theoretical framework of a two-year two cohort study of inter-related modules to model reading in 300 grades 4, 5 and 6 readers, and describes the specially designed microcomputer programs written in Turbo Pascal to implement this modular approach. In brief, the modular approach postulates the interrelated phonological, morphological modules in processing words and sentence/paragraph processing. These three modules or components are subserved by 10 measurable tasks all implemented on the microcomputer (IBM-PC compatible) with reaction time measures as indices of the different facets of verbal efficiency. Statistical analyses of the large data sets for Phase 1 show the linear structural equation modelling fits the data reasonably well. In particular, the morphology task consistently explains between 32% to 44% of the variance in reading performance in the three grades. The findings lend themselves to specific approaches to habilitation in the different components or sub-components.This study was supported by a grant (No. 410-86-0048) from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada awarded to Che Kan Leong. Simon Lock and Jacky Lau were responsible for the microcompurter programming. Edward Danskin, Melvin Kelley, Donald Simmons, Louise Sellinger, Kristin Strauss and Tara Wiley carried out the experimentation with individual children in the schools. The cooperation of the principals, the teachers and the subjects was greatly appreciated. Requests for reprints should be addressed to Dr. C. K. Leong, Department for the Education of Exceptional children, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, S7N OWO.     

Community support programme: support for Chinese trans* students experiencing genderism

Abstract

Previous research on school experiences has often focused on lesbian and gay students. Far fewer studies have examined trans* students’ experiences, especially with respect to community support. And none of this work has addressed relevant issues in an East Asian Chinese cultural context, where transgender equality has been a hotly debated issue in recent years, and prejudice towards members of this ‘invisible’ population still persists. This paper highlights the school experiences of trans* students based on a literature review of international, regional and Hong Kong publications. A case study analysis of one Hong Kong community support programme is used as an example to highlight the important role that this kind of work can play in filling a gap left by the formal education sector. Findings suggest that, given the influence of genderism and deficiencies of in school environments, community support services provided by non-government organisations can play a significant role not only in raising public awareness, but also in filling education and service gaps for sexual and gender minority students.     

规范标写题名页

很多教师在撰写论文时不能规范标写题名页,影响了论文的质量和等级.随着论文格式要求的统一化、标准化以及计算机的普遍使用,规范标写题名页的重要性越来越凸显出来.论文的题名页包括标题、署名、摘要、关键词四部分.     

新世纪欧洲教育的蓝图--《欧洲教育与培训2010年目标》述评

介绍<欧洲教育与培训2010年目标>出台的社会背景,简述<目标>基本内容及其实施策略.<目标>的提出与实施反映了知识社会对欧洲教育的全新挑战,强化了欧洲教育一体化的态势,认为这是欧洲在教育的多元与统一中进行的有意义的探索与尝试.     

无私奉献的一生--清明时节悼辛老

“君音永浮 ,河水有竭。君声永流 ,旦光没发。”这是古人祢衡用来凭吊张衡的句子。我们愿借此来表达对中国共产党优秀党员 ,我国著名教育家辛安亭老人的缅怀。他虽然已于去年十二月离我们而去 ,但他无私奉献的一生将永流人间。辛老的一生是革命的一生 ,他以不平凡的八十五个春秋写就了自己光荣的履历 ,他 1 935年毕业于北京大学历史系。在校期间即加入我党领导的进步团体 ,阅读马列主义和进步书刊 ,积极参加党领导的活动 ,营救和掩护地下党员。毕业后 ,在山西运城、绥远等地任教期间 ,不顾个人安危 ,给青年学生灌输进步思想 ,宣传我党抗日救…     

The effects of morphological structure on reading proficiency—A developmental study

The present report with three inter-related studies examined the effects of morphological complexity on reading proficiency in 103 fourth graders, 88 fifth graders and 107 sixth graders trichotomized into below average, average and above average readers. The reaction time paradigm and the developmental framework with three age groups provided more sensitive and stable results for inferring mental processes in accessing the lexicon. Study 1 on lexical decision with visually presented words and non-words with different morphemic boundaries suggests that words can be accessed in a decomposed state as morphemes by children. Study 2 and the complementary Study 3 requiring the vocalization of derived or base forms of words primed by target items in sentence frames indicate that words might be accessed in full forms. Further, the depth of derivational morphology and of base morphology with correlated phonological changes affect reading proficiency.     

我国相对贫困地区高质量发展内涵及综合施策路径

贫困是人类发展面临的重大挑战,特别是长期困扰中国在内的发展中国家的世界性难题。随着2020年实现农村绝对贫困人口脱贫和贫困县摘帽,新时代中国的反贫困重点也将发生根本性转变,即从解决绝对贫困地区的精准脱贫转变为综合施策推动相对贫困地区的高质量发展。文章从个人和区域尺度可持续性入手,初步构建了相对贫困地区高质量发展的概念模型,解析了2020年之后内部与外部约束条件,提出了确保脱贫不返贫且高质量发展的综合施策路径。提出建议:引导人口及发展要素合理流动,重塑城镇乡村互动与等值发展面貌,深入推动资源和生态优势价值化,聚焦青藏高原等深度贫困地区重点攻坚;将"十四五"作为应对相对贫困长期性的起步期,制定灵活精准的相对贫困人口和地区识别标准,注重各类反贫困政策工具与资源的整合,形成集中式、分布式、流动式相结合的高质量基础设施和公共服务保障体系。     

大学文化培养创新型人才的 内在依据及实现路径

大学文化予创新型人才培养的作用在其营造了一种隐形的、无声的环境氛围,使置身于其中的学子每时每刻无不感受着对知识、对科学、对真理的强烈渴求,进而自觉、自律于修身向学。“追求真理、服务社会”的使命文化、开放宽容的自由文化、鼓励质疑的批判文化是大学文化系统中非常重要的三类文化形态,对创新型人才培养有着重要作用。大学应确立和守护自己的使命选择,倡导并推行通识教育,营造鼓励质疑的学风和教风,积极营造相应的这三种文化,培养创新型人才。