A componential approach to understanding reading and its difficulties in preadolescent readers

The present study is predicated on the logic of interrelated functional information processing components as an approach to understanding reading and its difficulties in preadolescent readers. The structural equation modelling (and its variants) involved these three latent components: (a) orthographic/phonological component, (b) morphological component, and (c) sentence and paragraph comprehension component. These components were subserved by a total of ten measurable tasks, all administered on-line via the microcomputer under laboratory conditions with reaction time measures as indices of mental representation of word knowledge and sentence/paragraph comprehension. The latent dependent component of reading performance was subserved by standardized vocabulary and reading comprehension tests. The total sample consisted of 298 children in grades, 4, 5, and 6. Maximum likelihood analyses using LISREL show that the data in general do not disconfirm the proposed model for grade 4 readers. The three-component model, with some variables set free, provides a reasonable fit for the grade 5 data but less claim could be made about the goodness of fit for grade 6. The results show the mutually reinforcing and mutually facilitating effects of multilevels and multicomponents of reading. Word structure and word knowledge are particularly predictive of reading. The present Phase 1 work would be validated in a follow-up of another cohort of readers and would also lead to the systematic training of some of the components with poor readers. This study was supported by a grant (No. 410-86-0048) from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.     

“数字中国”布局下我国城建档案馆数字化转型之思考

“数字中国”布局下,城建档案馆将为智慧城市规划与建设提供可靠的档案数据支持。城建档案馆行政执法过程中面临缺少上位法、缺少行政许可、与上级行政主管部门职能交叉等问题,亟待解决。在数字化城建档案馆建设的进程中,受“放管服”行政指引,城建档案馆应通过削减前置审批、强制归档、智能+创新服务三个方面构建数字化管理新机制,实现智慧化活态城建档案馆的整体目标。通过完善依法行政、对接征信体系、技术迭代推进数字化进程,将智能化行政与智慧化服务并行,最终接入国家政务服务平台,实现全国“一网通办”的政务目标。     

Component skills of text comprehension in less competent Chinese comprehenders

The present study examined the role of verbal working memory (memory span and tongue-twister), two-character Chinese pseudoword reading (two tasks), rapid automatized naming (RAN) (letters and numbers), and phonological segmentation (deletion of rimes and onsets) in inferential text comprehension in Chinese in 31 less competent comprehenders compared with 37 reading comprehension control students and 23 chronological age controls. It was hypothesized that the target students would perform poorly on these cognitive and linguistic tasks as compared with their controls. Furthermore, verbal working memory and pseudoword reading would explain a considerable amount of individual variation in Chinese text comprehension. RAN would have a nonsignificant role in text comprehension. Structural equation analyses and hierarchical multiple regression analyses generally upheld these hypotheses. Our findings support current literature of the role of verbal working memory in reading comprehension found in English. The results, however, suggest differential role of the constructs and the tasks in reading comprehension and provide some answers for comprehension impairment in Chinese students.     

远程教育中影响学生学习效果的因素分析

任何一种教学活动都包含教与学两个方面,远程教育的教学方式是基于学生自主学习为主,辅以一定的教师助学,其与传统教育本质区别就在于教的行为与学的行为在时空上的相对分离。在缺乏教师连续监督的情形下,学生的学习会受到多方面的影响。     

浅析基于4C's理论的网络营销组合

文章分析了传统营销组合在网络环境下的不足,提出了在以消费者为中心的现代营销理念指导下的网络营销组合,并指出了相对于传统营销组合网络营销组合的特点及其优势。     

图书馆在本科教学评估中的地位及对评估指标的理解

文章根据10年来的教学评估情况,阐明了本科教学评估的内涵、特征和意义,分析了图书馆在本科教学评估中的地位及图书馆评估指标的内涵,进一步探讨了评估工作对图书馆产生的影响.参考文献7.     

Ladder realizations of multivariable positive real functions

Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the realization of an m-variable positive real function (PRF) as the impedence function of a resistively-terminated ladder network of m lossless two-ports connected in cascade. Each two-port is a single-variable lossless ladder with all of its transmission zeros either at the origin or at finity. Conditions are also obtained when each of the two-ports is a Fujisawa-type lowpass ladder.