Understanding divergent domestication traits from the whole-genome sequencing of swamp- and river-buffalo populations

Domesticated buffaloes have been integral to rice-paddy agro-ecosystems for millennia, yet relatively little is known about the buffalo genomics. Here, we sequenced and assembled reference genomes for both swamp and river buffaloes and we re-sequenced 230 individuals (132 swamp buffaloes and 98 river buffaloes) sampled from across Asia and Europe. Beyond the many actionable insights that our study revealed about the domestication, basic physiology and breeding of buffalo, we made the striking discovery that the divergent domestication traits between swamp and river buffaloes can be explained with recent selections of genes on social behavior, digestion metabolism, strengths and milk production.     

Xu Beihong and the New China: thoughts centered on the painting At the World Peace Congress

This essay analyses a politically tinged painting by Xu Beihong (1895–1953), a representative modern Chinese painter. He composed the work in 1949, just before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, or the New China. In this article’s discussion of the perplexing work, the author attempts to unveil Xu’s understanding of revolution and of the relationship between art and politics, in relation to his difficulties in exploring and practicing art in the early Republic period (1912–1949). Based on this, the author discusses the painter’s mindset in the social and political context of the New China. She also tries to reveal that Xu’s art practices were restrained by the realities he was in – a crucial point to understanding his achievements and predicaments. As an artist who resisted the western modernism in the course of modernization, and who idealistically pursued the highest good and beauty through “realist” approaches and historical expressions, Xu’s predicaments interestingly reflect the complicated relationship between art and revolution in China’s road to modernization, and provide a foundation for further explorations into the core issues and the particularity of modern Chinese paintings.     

"数学物理方程"教学上的"三突出"

文章研究和探讨在教学时数减少的条件下,怎样搞好“数学物理方程”及其相关课程的教学工作。结论是在课程讲授中要在三个方面突出教学重点:即讲授理论,要突出阐述基本的数学思想;讲授概念,要突出讲授有关的物理背景;讲授解法,要突出训练主要的求解方法。     

"黄金台"位置考辨

"黄金台"是战国时期燕昭王为郭隗所筑之"宫",其名称经历了由"宫"到"台"的演变过程,在南朝时正式称为"黄金台".关于黄金台的位置,学界分歧较大,较为重要的有燕上都蓟城说、河北定兴金台陈村说和北章村说.通过查阅相关文献和分析各方观点,可以肯定黄金台应兴建于燕国都城附近,但不可能位于燕上都蓟城,而燕下都附近金台陈村与北章村两座台基遗址也非燕昭王为郭隗所筑之"宫".事实上,《水经注》的相关记载与考古资料基本一致,郦道元所记"金台"即为历史上的黄金台,其原址位于燕下都城内张公台附近,但如今黄金台的地表遗迹早已无存.     

中小学体育教育开展状况评估体系研究

为探索中小学体育教育开展状况评价方法,采用专家调查法对各指标进行了筛选,借助因子分析等统计方法确定了指标权重,建立了中小学体育教育开展状况评价指标体系和评价方程。研究结论:建立的中小学体育教育开展状况评价指标体系具有良好的信度和效度,包括"管理制度"、"体质健康"、"过程评价"、"师资状况"、"基础保障"5个一级指标和31个二级指标。归一化处理后5个一级指标权重分别为:0.216,0.210,0.199,0.198,0.176;根据因子载荷矩阵确定了二级指标权重,通过计算得到了指标最终权重,并建立了中小学体育教育开展状况评价方程;建立的评价指标体系和评价方程可直接用于对地区或学校体育工作开展状况评价。     

基于岗位能力培养的高职《胶印工艺》课程改革探讨

以印刷岗位能力要求为出发点,探讨了《胶印工艺》课程以能力为本位的课程标准的修定、以产品印刷流程为主线的教学内容优化、多种教学方法运用等三个方面进行的课程改革。     

第一位走上中国银幕的女影星是谁

在中国百年电影史上,第一个走上银幕的女性是谁? 早在清末民初,在舞台上演出的都是男性,戏中的女角也全由男性扮演.即使是后来具有民族革命性质的文明新戏,也没有人起用女演员.     

传统体育教学常规与体育新课程教学之辨析

反思了传统体育教学常规,即对教师与学生教学活动中的各种行为都作出了全面而严格的规范,不仅束缚了体育教师教学个性的追求和创造力的发挥,而且限制了学生学习的主体性;论述了体育新课程“一切为了学生发展”的核心理念,建立符合新课程理念的体育教学常规。     

宋代“武科”考论

从体育文化角度对宋代科考“武科”的历史沿革、考选内容、体育文化价值和弊端等进行系统研究。“武科”又称“武举”,宋承唐制,宋仁宗天圣七年(公元1029年)正式设立。考试内容以骑射弓马为主,内场有策论(诸家兵法)。“武科”有助于宋朝社会“尚武”风气的形成,为国家遴选优秀的军事体育人才提供了方便,促进了宋代民族传统体育的形成和发展。宋朝300年间,“武科”虽受到历代君王的重视和支持,历经77榜却未选拔出一位名将,存在“武科”标准以文为主和拘于制度化运作等弊端。     

"基础"课进行宪法教育应注意的几个问题

通过"思想道德修养与法律基础"课对大学生进行宪法教育,要引导大学生全面认识和正确对待西方宪政文明,充分认识我国社会主义民主政治的必然性、优越性以及建设的长期性和艰巨性,要以社会主义法治理念为指导,澄清现实中存在的关于宪法问题的一些思想偏向,给大学生施加正确的影响,培养大学生树立正确的宪法观念.