新中国成立以来城镇化发展的历史变迁

本文首先简要分析了近年来学者们对中国城镇化发展阶段的不同划分观念 ,在此基础上重点探讨了改革开放以来中国城镇化发展的历史进程并将其划分为四个阶段 ,最后从八个方面对新中国 5 0多年来城镇化发展的主要特征进行了阐述。     

道德的比喻体系与中英文语言的隐喻用法

从认知语言学的角度，讨论道德概念的比喻体系与中英文语言的隐喻以及它们之间的逻辑关系。结论是：生动形象的比喻语言是能够揭示出不同文化对于道德比喻体系的相同认识，人们共有的道德规范和具有普遍意义的道德观。     

Role of adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy for resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a meta-analysis

Background

Adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy (A(C)RT) may be an important supplement to surgery for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC). However, whether all patients would achieve benefits from A(C)RT and which adjuvant regimen, adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (ACRT), would be preferred, are still undetermined. The low incidence of EHCC makes it difficult to carry out randomized controlled trials (RCTs); therefore, almost all clinical studies on radiotherapy are retrospective. We have conducted a meta-analysis of these retrospective studies.

Methods

We conducted a meta-analysis of current retrospective studies using PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials databases. All studies published in English that were related to A(C)RT and which analyzed overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), or locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) were included. Estimated hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for OS, DFS, and LRFS.

Results

Data from eight studies including 685 patients were included. Our analysis showed that A(C)RT significantly improved OS (HR 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48–0.97, P=0.03), DFS (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.47–0.76, P<0.0001), and LRFS (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17–0.41, P<0.00001) of EHCC overall. In subgroups, patients with microscopically positive resection margin (R1) could achieve a benefit from A(C)RT (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27–0.72, P=0.001). No statistically OS difference was observed in negative resection margin (R0) subgroup (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.30–3.19, P=0.98). Significant OS benefit was found in patients who received concurrent ACRT (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.26–0.62, P<0.0001), while the result of ART without chemotherapy showed no significant benefit (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.29–4.50, P=0.85). In the distal cholangiocarcinoma subgroup, no significant difference was seen when ACRT and ART were included (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.14–2.72, P=0.52), but a significant difference was seen when analyzing the concurrent ACRT only (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.13–0.64, P=0.002).

Conclusions

A(C)RT may improve OS, DFS, and LRFS in EHCC patients, especially in those with R1 resection margins. ACRT may be superior to ART especially in distal patients.

     

金融业综合经营发展的现状、思路与对策

金融业综合经营是指银行业、证券业、保险业等跨业经营的一种金融制度。中国推行10多年的金融分业经营已凸现诸多问题，无法适应金融业对外开放发展的新形势。因此，要在打破单一分业经营模式的同时，采取一系列应对措施，逐渐实现从分业到综合的经营模式。     

基于市场经济视角的新型劳动关系研究述评

新型劳动关系是相对于传统劳动关系而言的。新型劳动关系的建立,应该具备一定的条件:首先是树立适应现代企业制度客观要求的劳动观念,减少劳动关系改革过程中来自主观方面的阻力;其次是有赖于对劳动关系和劳动用工制度进行相应的改革使其市场化、法制化、规范化;再次是要始终要坚持稳定协调的原则,这是现代企业制度和社会发展的必然要求。     

资产减值准备问题的探讨

资产减值准备的制定和实施，提高了会计信息的真实性、客观性和透明度，同时也带来了确认和计量难度大、计提标准被滥用、外部监管困难多等问题。对此，本文提出要进一步完善内部会计控制制度，统一资产减值计量模式，提高会计人员职业道德，解决“一股独大”问题，强化相关主体的法律责任，加大证券监管部门的监管力度。     

城镇化水平的不同测算方法探讨

城镇化水平是衡量一个国家或地区城镇化程度的重要指标，通过一定的方法去测算其发展水平则是目前比较通行的作法。由于城镇化是一种比较复杂的社会现象，由此引出种种测算方法。但归纳起，不外乎三大类，即单一指标法、综合指标法与其它指标法；常见的测算方法主要有人口比重指标法、城镇土地利用比重指标法、调整系数法、农村城镇化指标体系与现代城市化指标体系法等几种。     

WC弥散强化铜的物理性能(英文)

文章介绍了WC弥散强化铜的制备过程 ,通过比较WC弥散强化铜和纯铜的有关性能 (硬度、电阻率、密度 ) ,指出WC弥散强化铜是一种有潜力的强化铜 .且当浇结温度为 95 0℃ ,WC的体积分数为 1.2 %时 ,弥散强化铜的综合性能较好 .     

Experimental study of the pinned double rectangular tube assembled buckling-restrained brace

In this study, seven pinned double-rectangular tube assembled buckling-restrained brace (DRT-ABRB) specimens were experimentally characterised by means of an axial cyclic test. The core member of the specimens was a single flat-plate. Two rectangular tubes were assembled using high strength bolts to form an external restraining member. Each rectangular tube was composed of an external steel channel and a cover plate. A gap or thin rubber filler was set between the core and the external restraining member to form an unbonded layer. The influence of several design parameters on the failure mode and energy dissipation capacity of the ABRB was investigated, including the height of the core wing plate, thickness of the external cover plate, and height of the external channel flange. This experimental study demonstrated that a local pressure-bearing failure at the end of the external member arises when the external cover plate is too thin or if the end construction detail is unreasonable. When the end rotations of the DRT-ABRB were restricted, the hysteretic performance was shown to be superior to that of a pure pinned DRT-ABRB. Finally, all the tested DRT-ABRBs exhibited excellent energy dissipation performance which amply satisfied existing regulation requirements.     

消费型增值税的涵义与基本政策框架研究

现行生产型增值税面临的种种弊端要求其转型为消费型增值税。消费型增值税是一种允许扣除企业购进固定资产的税种。纳税主体、征收范围、税目税率。扣除范围、计算方法、会计处理等构成消费型增值税的基本政策框架及其体系。要采取切实措施确保增值税转型改革政策顺利实施。