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51.
The Philippine school system is considered as one of the largest in the world with 41,989 public elementary and secondary schools and 7790 private schools under the supervision and regulation of the Department of Education (DepEd Fact Sheet, 2005). This paper chronicles various decentralization initiatives carried out by the basic education sector in the country specifically along the areas of education financing, teacher effectiveness, curriculum development, textbooks and instructional materials, and school–community dynamics and student learning and assessment. This discourse culminates with the discussion of the lessons learned from a decentralized system of education for better school operation and management. 相似文献
52.
The recent changes in the relationship between universities and society and the change of attitudes of governments towards higher education institutions are analysed. The different possible reactions of the institutions to the more demanding attitude of society as a whole are discussed. The authors present a critical view of the concept of entrepreneurial universities based on the work of Burton Clark and on the results of the quality audits of the Association of European Universities (CRE), and offer some comments about their applicability and usefulness to European higher education systems. 相似文献
53.
Knowledge management (KM) has matured to the point that many organisations either believe they have such practices in place or at least understand they are relevant to the knowledge work commonly undertaken in many industries. What is lacking from the literature, however, is a solid foundation for the philosophies underpinning KM and particularly for how tacit knowledge informs the KM space. Research over decades shows tacit knowledge underpins all other forms of knowledge, enabling the interpretation and judicious application of knowledge, leading (at its highest levels) to the concept of wisdom. As an academic discipline, artificial intelligence (AI) was established before KM, has been grounded in the computing discipline for many decades, and is applied broadly in many domains. This paper explores how AI can inform the KM debate. Rather than simply provide examples of AI success stories as applied to KM in practice, it explores the theoretical and practical limitations of AI and KM in unison, providing at the same time a strong epistemological understanding of both disciplines as a means of furthering the knowledge debate, with particular emphasis on the role of tacit knowledge within this jurisdiction. 相似文献
54.
For several years Portuguese higher education institutions have been waiting for the legislation framework necessary for the
implementation of the Bologna process. Such legislation was passed quite recently (2006) and has resulted in an unexpected
flood of proposals presented at very short notice by higher education institutions to the Ministry. It is possible that such
fast implementation rate corresponds to implementation “in form” rather than “in substance”, thus softening tensions between
the European and the national and local levels. This hypothesis will be tested by analysing the outcomes of a survey conducted
in all higher education institutions that have presented proposals of Bologna-type degree programmes or adaptations of old
degree programmes to the new Bologna-type structure. 相似文献
55.
Cynthia B. Loza Allan B. De Guzman Regalado T. Jose 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2010,29(1):61-71
This article presents the second segment of a qualitative study on the integration of traditional arts in tertiary level art and design education in the Philippines. It is focused on the experience of artist‐teachers as participants in an in‐service teacher training programme that aimed to prepare the teachers for the trial integration of traditional Filipino arts in art and design courses. Taking the view of the participants, journals written by the artist‐teachers were sourced for their reflections about their encounter with traditional Filipino artists during field visits. This phase of the study takes the form of action research as it involves the participants in gathering data that could inform the methods and content of the learning of traditional Filipino arts in the schools of art and design. The findings reveal that artist‐teachers acknowledge the traditional artist as a valuable source of traditional knowledge and expertise. They also recognise their own essential role in the transmission of learning between the traditional artists and the students. The prerequisites of the course take the artist‐teachers beyond teaching in the classroom and extend their tasks to research. 相似文献
56.
Magdalena Cantabella Belén López Alberto Caballero 《Interactive Learning Environments》2018,26(7):911-923
Learning Management Systems (LMS) have become the principal resource for the distribution of educational material and collaboration among lecturers and students in Higher Education. The potential of these platforms does not limit to a simple manager of contents, but they also offer a wide range of tools that support the development of different methodologies according to the learning modality, namely on-campus, blended or online. This work analyzes the use of LMS and the interactions with their different tools from the lecturers’ point of view, in order to detect possible incidents, check the tools’ utility and evaluate their complexity. All these metrics represent valuable information to the Degree Coordinators, if they are presented in a suitable manner, to detect and resolve deficiencies in the methodology. For the analysis of the teaching activity two methods are employed: (1) surveys, to measure the subjective perception of lecturers when using LMS tools; and (2) visual analysis of the real lecturer’s activity through OnlineData, a graphical analytic tool developed as part of our work to monitor LMS tools metrics. The results of both methods show differences among the perceived self-usage and actual usage, especially for the e-learning methodologies 相似文献
57.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess both short-term reliability and long-term stability of anthropometric and physical performance measures in highly-trained young soccer players in relation to age and maturation. Data were collected on 80 players from an academy (U13–U18, pre- (n = 14), circum- (n = 32) and post- (n = 34) estimated peak height velocity, PHV). For the reliability analysis, anthropometric and performance tests were repeated twice within a month. For the stability analysis, these tests were repeated 12 times over a 4-year period in 10 players. Absolute reliability was assessed with the typical error of measurement, expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV). Relative reliability and long-term stability were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). There was no clear age or maturation effect on either the CVs or ICCs: e.g., Post-PHV vs. Pre-PHV: effect size = –0.37 (90% confidence limits (CL):-1.6;0.9), with chances of greater/similar/lower values of 20/20/60%. For the long-term stability analysis, ICCs varied from 0.66 (0.50;0.80) to 0.96 (0.93;0.98) for 10-m sprint time and body mass, respectively. The short-term reliability of anthropometry and physical performance measures is unlikely to be affected by age or maturation. However, some of these measures are unstable throughout adolescence, which questions their usefulness in a talent identification perspective. 相似文献
58.
Alex Kulick Laura J. Wernick Mario Alberto V. Espinoza Tarkington J. Newman Adrienne B. Dessel 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(9):939-953
ABSTRACTSchool-based sports and physical education play an important role in the development of youth (Jones, Edwards, et al., 2017), but participation in athletics is unequal for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) youth compared to their straight/cisgender peers [Greenspan, S. B., Griffith, C., & Murtagh, E. F. (2017). LGBTQ youths’ school athletic experiences: A 40-year content analysis in nine flagship journals. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 11(3), 190–200]. Sport cultures, generally, recreate dynamics of exclusion for marginalized youth. However, there are opportunities to transform these spaces into more inclusive and positive environments to support positive growth for all young people [Newman, T., Alvarez, A., & Kim, M. (2017). An experiential approach to sport-based positive youth development. Journal of Experiential Education, 40(3), 308–322]. Our study uses a data set of adolescents, collected as part of a community-based participatory action research project led by high school students in southeast Michigan, USA. Respondents reported their sexual and gender identities, as well as experiences in youth sport, as well as safety using sex-segregated facilities (i.e., bathrooms and locker-rooms). Using mediation models based on linear regression, we found evidence that LGBQ high school students play sports at a significantly lower rate compared to straight students, and among those who play sports, LGBTQ respondents felt significantly less safe compared to straight and cisgender students. Opposite to the LGBQ and trans youth in this study, straight/cisgender youth also reported feeling safer using all facilities. The mediation models suggest that these inequalities help to explain disparities in rates of sports participation and feelings of safety while participating. These findings have important implications for policy, practice, and future research. 相似文献
59.
Elena Seminati Alessandra Marzari Oreste Vacondio Alberto E. Minetti 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):216-231
Repetitive stresses and movements on the shoulder in the volleyball spike expose this joint to overuse injuries, bringing athletes to a career threatening injury. Assuming that specific spike techniques play an important role in injury risk, we compared the kinematic of the traditional (TT) and the alternative (AT) techniques in 21 elite athletes, evaluating their safety with respect to performance. Glenohumeral joint was set as the centre of an imaginary sphere, intersected by the distal end of the humerus at different angles. Shoulder range of motion and angular velocities were calculated and compared to the joint limits. Ball speed and jump height were also assessed. Results indicated the trajectory of the humerus to be different for the TT, with maximal flexion of the shoulder reduced by 10 degrees, and horizontal abduction 15 degrees higher. No difference was found for external rotation angles, while axial rotation velocities were significantly higher in AT, with a 5% higher ball speed. Results suggest AT as a potential preventive solution to shoulder chronic pathologies, reducing shoulder flexion during spiking. The proposed method allows visualisation of risks associated with different overhead manoeuvres, by depicting humerus angles and velocities with respect to joint limits in the same 3D space. 相似文献
60.
Alberto Melo 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1980,26(3):325-334
Résumé Depuis 1974 le Portugal a fait l'expérience de changements spectaculaires dans les pratiques de l'enseignement au niveau local. L'école a été ouverte à la communauté et la communauté à l'école. Le programme de formation des enseignants comprend maintenant une nouvelle matière: l'étude de la communauté afin de les préparer au rôle actif d'ouvrir l'école à la communauté et de les aider à mieux comprendre les différents milieux sociaux dont sont issus leurs élèves. Parmi les innovations il convient de noter la publication de journaux ou bulletins d'information locale qui aide les enseignants et les élèves à mieux comprendre la communauté à laquelle ils appartiennent. La création d'un jardin scolaire où les élèves cultivent fleurs et légumes jette un pont supplémentaire entre l'école et la communauté. Autres exemples d'action de la communauté: les classes d'alphabétisation des adultes, la création de mouvements volontaires de femmes, l'organisation de clubs de jeunes, la constitution de coopératives, les initiatives locales comme d'acheter un vieux tramway pour le transformer en bibliothèque. Une des innovations les plus importantes a été l'introduction de 'l'Education Civique et Polytechnique' à l'école (classes de 13 à 16 ans). Deux heures par semaine devaient être consacrées à une intervention active de l'école dans la communauté locale, à l'engagement des jeunes, agents d'évolution, dans la vie de la société, à l'articulation entre les études scolaires et l'application pratique, au travail social et productif, et à la participation des jeunes à la solution des problèmes nationaux, en partant d'une connaissance concrète de la vie locale et régionale. Cependant, depuis 1976, la politique de l'enseignement au Portugal a pris une tournure plus conservatrice et ce n'est que dans localités où le consensus du corps enseignant a été très fort que les relations nouvelles entre l'école et la communauté ont pu être maintenues.
Since 1974 Portugal has experienced some dramatic changes in educational practices at the local level. The school has been opened to the community and the community to the school. Teacher education now includes community studies, designed to prepare teachers for an active role in this process and for the better understanding of the social background of pupils. One new practice is the publication of local newspapers or news-sheets to enhance the understanding of the community by teachers and pupils. The development of a school garden for the cultivation of flowers and vegetables serves as another bridge between school and community. Other examples of community action are adult literacy classes, the creation of voluntary organisations for women, the running of youth clubs, the formation of co-operatives, and local projects like the purchase of an old tram-car to be converted into a library. The introduction of Civic and Polytechnic Education for 13–16 year olds was an important innovation. One half-day a week was to be devoted to the integration of the school with the locality, young people's participation in society as agents of change, the linking of study and productive work, and the involvement of young people in the solution of national problems, working from a concrete knowledge of local and regional life. However, since 1976 there has been a more conservative approach, and only in places with a strong consensus amongst teachers has the new relationship between school and community been maintained.
Zusammenfassung Ab 1974 hat Portugal auf örtlicher Ebene ein paar dramatische Veränderungen in der Bildungspraxis erfahren. Die Schule wurde für das Gemeinwesen aufgeschlossen und das Gemeinwesen für die Schule. Nunmehr umfaßt die Lehrerbildung Studien des Gemeinwesens, dazu bestimmt, die Lehrer auf eine aktive Rolle in diesem Prozeß und auf ein besseres Verständnis für die soziale Herkunft der Schüler vorzubereiten. Eine der neuen Praktiken ist die Veröffentlichung lokaler Zeitungen oder Mitteilungsblätter, damit Lehrer und Schüler das Gemeinwesen gründlicher verstehen lernen. Eine weitere Brücke zwischen Schule und Gemeinwesen schlägt die Anlage eines Schulgartens zur Anzucht von Blumen und Gemüse. Andere Beispiele von Aktivitäten für das Gemeinwesen sind Klassen zur Alphabetisierung Erwachsener, der Betrieb von Jugendklubs, die Schaffung von Kooperativen und örtliche Projekte wie der Ankauf eines alten Straßenbahnwagens, um ihn in eine Bibliothek umzuwandeln. Die Einführung einer staatsbürgerlichen und polytechnischen Bildung für 13- bis 16-jährige war eine wichtige Neuerung. In jeder Woche sollte ein halber Tag der Integration der Schule in die örtliche Umwelt gewidmet sein, der Mitwirkung junger Leute in der Gesellschaft als Agenten des Wandels, der Verknüpfung des Lernens mit der produktiven Arbeit und der Beteiligung junger Menschen an der Lösung nationaler Probleme aufgrund einer konkreten Kenntnis des örtlichen und regionalen Lebens. Allerdings kam es ab 1976 zu einem konservativeren Ansatz, und nur dort blieb die Neue Beziehung zwischen Schule und Gemeinwesen aufrechterhalten, wo ein starker Konsens der Lehrer untereinander bestand.相似文献