全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7438篇 |
免费 | 93篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
教育 | 5130篇 |
科学研究 | 960篇 |
各国文化 | 71篇 |
体育 | 476篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
文化理论 | 52篇 |
信息传播 | 843篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 67篇 |
2020年 | 83篇 |
2019年 | 145篇 |
2018年 | 198篇 |
2017年 | 165篇 |
2016年 | 155篇 |
2015年 | 107篇 |
2014年 | 133篇 |
2013年 | 1364篇 |
2012年 | 140篇 |
2011年 | 142篇 |
2010年 | 126篇 |
2009年 | 116篇 |
2008年 | 131篇 |
2007年 | 106篇 |
2006年 | 116篇 |
2005年 | 102篇 |
2004年 | 121篇 |
2003年 | 89篇 |
2002年 | 91篇 |
2001年 | 122篇 |
2000年 | 120篇 |
1999年 | 107篇 |
1998年 | 69篇 |
1997年 | 70篇 |
1996年 | 81篇 |
1995年 | 60篇 |
1994年 | 55篇 |
1993年 | 87篇 |
1992年 | 107篇 |
1991年 | 111篇 |
1990年 | 109篇 |
1989年 | 94篇 |
1988年 | 86篇 |
1987年 | 104篇 |
1986年 | 93篇 |
1985年 | 104篇 |
1984年 | 89篇 |
1983年 | 95篇 |
1982年 | 95篇 |
1981年 | 75篇 |
1980年 | 75篇 |
1979年 | 100篇 |
1978年 | 91篇 |
1977年 | 84篇 |
1976年 | 74篇 |
1974年 | 68篇 |
1973年 | 65篇 |
1972年 | 55篇 |
1971年 | 59篇 |
排序方式: 共有7534条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
William F. Prokasy 《Learning & behavior》1974,2(4):257-261
The acquisition of discriminated avoidance and classically conditioned leg flexions in dogs and of discriminated avoidance leg flexion in cats was examined via a two-phase model of conditioning. Classically conditioned Ss uniformly required two operators during Phase 2, with the limit of the CR operator being greater than that of the CR operator. Not all avoidance-trained Ss required two operators during Phase 2, but those who did also had a higher CR than CR operator limit. The CR operator limit was higher for avoidance than for classical training, while the change rate was greater for classical training. The avoidance behavior of cats paralleled that of the dogs. It was concluded that the data generally conformed to views of Hilgard and Marquis and, more recently, of Bolles, but were contrary to what would be expected from two-factor theory. 相似文献
132.
Ronna F. Dillon 《Contemporary educational psychology》1985,10(4):387-395
The study reported herein was designed to use eye movement data, collected during solution of complex figural analogies, to test the premise that enhanced feedback mechanisms and opportunities for dual coding of figural stimulus information result in the allocation of an increased percentage of information-processing resources to rule application activities. Subjects were given items from the Advanced Progressive Matrices under elaborated feedback, subject verbalization, or standard procedures. Results indicate that elaborative testing conditions, involving elaborated feedback or subject verbalization, enhance the rule-governed nature of information processing during inductive reasoning by augmenting feedback and dual coding. 相似文献
133.
Cathryn L. Booth Jean F. Kelly Susan J. Spieker Tracy G. Zuckerman 《Early education and development》2003,14(1):83-100
Attachment relationships of toddlers (N = 45) to their child-care providers were investigated. Children's behaviors with their mothers were observed at home at 24 months and with their child-care providers at 26 months. Attachment Q-Sort procedures were used at home (90 items) and in child care (78 items); the latter yielded a 15-item Safe and Secure Scale describing the safe haven and secure base functions of attachment relationships in child care—being able to (a) seek and receive positive attention, (b) feel safe and protected, (c) receive support for exploration, (d) receive consolation when distressed, and (e) seek and accept assistance. Independent observational measures of child-care quality also were obtained at 24 months. As hypothesized, the Safe and Secure Scale was related to proximal rather than distal indicators of child-care quality, and it was a stronger measure than the child-caregiver Q-security score that was based on all 78 items. Child-mother and child-caregiver security were significantly related. 相似文献
134.
Multidimensional sealing and related analytic procedures were used to estimate the accuracy of a set of goals used to pattern the design of a graduate curriculum. The analysis suggests that this goal set faithfully represents the essential elements within the area of professional practice to be taught. The procedures described have utility for a wide range of goal-focused analyses. 相似文献
135.
The results of recent studies into the use of the concept mapping heuristic seem to demonstrate that meaningful learning results through its use in science classrooms. While this underscores the need to use more effective instructional strategies in science teaching, the issue of the intervening variable of anxiety in learning and science achievement, and the possible use of a metacognitive strategy in anxiety reduction have not been addressed. This study, therefore, sought to find out if the metacognitive strategy of concept mapping reduces anxiety and thereby enhances achievement in biology. A total of 51 (30 boys, 21 girls) senior secondary one (grade 10) students participated in this experiment. Two instruments—the Zuckerman Affect Adjective Checklist and the Biology Achievement Test—were used in pre- and posttest administrations to measure the treatment effect on anxiety and achievement, respectively. Findings support the stand that concept mapping is significantly more effective than the traditional/expository teaching strategy in enhancing learning in biology. In addition, it apparently reduces students' anxiety towards the learning of biology. A significant reduction of anxiety was noticed for male subjects. 相似文献
136.
Shirley P. Schwarz Robert F. McMorris Lawrence P. DeMers 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1991,28(2):163-171
Researchers investigating answer changing have consistently found the preponderance of changes on objective items to be from wrong to right, but little is understood about the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. In this study, personal interviews were combined with instruction in answer-changing research to investigate further the processes involved in answer changing. Students changed answers and gained from changing, with those in the upper two thirds of the classes gaining the most. Each test-taking strategy produced a mean gain, but particular strategies were not significantly correlated with percentage of gain or percentage of change. Most students reported changing answers for thoughtful reasons such as rereading, rethinking, or remembering more information; very few changes were due to clerical errors. For each reason, most changes were wrong-to-right. We conclude that reconsideration of test items is probably underestimated in answer-changing studies. The role of memory should be considered in why people change and in how successful they judge their changing to have been. 相似文献
137.
Quek Choon Lang Angela F. L. Wong Barry J. Fraser 《Research in Science Education》2005,35(2-3):299-321
This study investigated the chemistry laboratory classroom environment, teacher–student interactions and student attitudes
towards chemistry among 497 gifted and non-gifted secondary-school students in Singapore. The data were collected using the
35-item Chemistry Laboratory Environment Inventory (CLEI), the 48-item Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) and the
30-item Questionnaire on Chemistry-Related Attitudes (QOCRA). Results supported the validity and reliability of the CLEI and
QTI for this sample. Stream (gifted versus non-gifted) and gender differences were found in actual and preferred chemistry
laboratory classroom environments and teacher–student interactions. Some statistically significant associations of modest
magnitude were found between students' attitudes towards chemistry and both the laboratory classroom environment and the interpersonal
behaviour of chemistry teachers. Suggestions for improving chemistry laboratory classroom environments and the teacher–student
interactions for gifted students are provided. 相似文献
138.
Village Elders’ and Secondary School Students’ Explanations of Natural Phenomena in Papua New Guinea
Soikava?Pauka David?F.?TreagustEmail author Bruce?Waldrip 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2005,3(2):213-238
This research investigated the sources of explanations and understanding of natural phenomena in terms of the students’ cultural and school science experiences. The first phase involved interviews with eight village elders that probed their explanations and understanding of natural phenomena. The second phase involved the design, development and administration of two questionnaires on natural phenomena to 179 students in a rural boarding high school in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Most village elders gave explanations of many of the phenomena in terms of spirits, spells, magic, religion, and personal experiences. Most school-aged students choose scientific explanations of natural phenomena in terms of what they had learned in school or from personal experiences. However, many choose explanations of the same phenomena about spirits, spells and magic that came from the village, family or home. The study revealed that students’ ideas about natural phenomena are strongly governed and controlled by their school science knowledge in the school setting. It is likely that their own traditional knowledge cannot be identified in a school setting but that questionnaires in the students’ local language be given to students in their villages (as opposed to school). In addition, so as not to diminish the value of this traditional knowledge, science education programs are needed that are able to consider and harmonise traditional knowledge with school science. 相似文献
139.
Catherine D.F. Corolleur 《Research Policy》2004,33(4):631-642
This paper examines how scientific and technological (S&T) human capital is transformed into financial capital through the creation of firms by scientists. The analysis is based on a database describing the positions held by 132 founders from 62 French biotech SMEs. It shows that star scientists engage in highly risky but also valuable firms. Less famous scientists must develop their human capital rather than valorising a stock. The paper concludes by pointing to three paradoxes concerning the commitment and compensation scheme of star scientists and the managerial position of less known scientists. 相似文献
140.
J. I. Anetor F I Ajose T. S Akingbola 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(1):193-197
A 64-year-old security guard and longstanding known hypertensive presented with hypertensive heart disease (HHD), weight loss,
an enlarged prostate, and a spontaneously fractured rib. Malignancy of the prostate with possible metastases to the ribs was
strongly suspected. Biochemical profiling revealed a paraprotein. Other biochemical and hematological correlates that were
on hand before serum protein electrophoresis were rather atypical. Paraprotein studies by immunofixation revealed IgA myelomatosis.
Unlike previous reports from Caucasians there was normocalcaemia, normal protein level, microcytic hypochromia, low MCHC,
cholesterol level at the lower limit of the reference range and normal urea level (in the face of markedly raised creatinine
level). Nutritional modulation of the classical laboratory features of this disease may account for the fairly atypical laboratory
picture.
The need to appreciate the influence of nutritional status on the laboratory (especially biochemical) features of a disease
and thus interpretation of diagnostic tests appears of exceptional current importance, given the widening gap in socioeconomic
status and the level of poverty between the resource poor and developed countries from which the classical, clinical and laboratory
features of most diseases were first described.
This case report reminds of the need not only to recognize theoretically the impact of nutritional status on the laboratory
characteristics of a disease but of the practical application of the nutritional perspective in the interpretation of diagnostic
investigations, especially in nutritionally disadvantaged communities. 相似文献