如何在作文教学中培养学生的创造能力

作文教学是培养学生创造能力的重要途径,要做到以下几点:一、创造和谐、民主的学习环境,让学生主动学习;二、注重学生观察能力的培养;三、激发和培养学生的想象能力。     

The relative age effect on physical fitness in preschool children

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of a relative age effect (RAE) on physical fitness of preschoolers. Anthropometry and physical fitness were assessed in 3147 children (3–5 years old) using the PREFIT battery. Based on the birth year, participants were divided into 3year groups (3-, 4- and 5-years). Within each year group, 4quarter groups were created: quarter 1, preschoolers born from January to March; quarter 2, from April to June; quarter 3, from July to September; quarter 4, from October to December. The MANCOVA analysis revealed a main effect of year group (Wilks’ λ = 0.383; F_10,5996 = 369.64; p < 0.001, η_p ² = 0.381) and of quarter (Wilks’ λ = 0.874; F_15,8276.6 = 27.67; p < 0.001; η_p ² = 0.044) over the whole battery of tests. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the existence of RAE at the preschool stage. In general, performance improved as the relative age increased (i.e., those born in quarter 1 performed better than those in the other quarters). Individualization strategies should be addressed within the same academic year not only in elementary or secondary years but also in preschoolers.     

把“愉快教学”引进英语课堂

要上好一节英语课,提高英语课堂教学质量,为学生创造一个轻松愉快的学习氛围,教师必须改变陈旧的教学模式,将愉快教学引进英语课堂。     

Wearable skin-like optoelectronic systems with suppression of motion artifacts for cuff-less continuous blood pressure monitor

According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, an estimated 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, representing 31% of all global deaths. Continuous non-invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) is essential for the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is difficult to achieve long-term CNAP monitoring with the daily use of current devices due to irritation of the skin as well as the lack of motion artifacts suppression. Here, we report a high-performance skin-like optoelectronic system integrated with ultra-thin flexible circuits to monitor CNAP. We introduce a theoretical model via the virtual work principle for predicting the precise blood pressure and suppressing motion artifacts, and propose optical difference in the frequency domain for stable optical measurements in terms of skin-like devices. We compare the results with the blood pressure acquired by invasive (intra-arterial) blood pressure monitoring for >1500 min in total on 44 subjects in an intensive care unit. The maximum absolute errors of diastolic and systolic blood pressure were ±7/±10 mm Hg, respectively, in immobilized, and ±10/±14 mm Hg, respectively, in walking scenarios. These strategies provide advanced blood pressure monitoring techniques, which would directly address an unmet clinical need or daily use for a highly vulnerable population.     

Special Education in Spain

ABSTRACT

The past 20 years have seen major efforts to extend and reform the system of general education in Spain. Some of the most important reforms are contained in legislation passed in 1990. These developments have direct relevance to the reform which has also been taking place in the system of special education. Official policy is that integrated provision should be available in all schools, but in the short term the system has set itself an initial and more limited objective.     

浅谈通过化学实验实施学生的探究性学习

化学实验所具有的获知、激趣、求真、循理、育德的教育功能,决定了其是实施探究性学习的有效途径。中学化学教学中,通过化学实验来实施探究性学习必须创设真实的问题情境,并且充分发挥化学实验的探究功能。     

从封闭走向开放--研究生培养模式的重构与思考

当人们对我国现行研究生培养模式给予一定程度的关注时,往往会产生如下印象:即无论是研究生培养过程中所设置的课程体系、教学方式、师资组成,还是大学与科研机构的关系,与社会的结合程度,乃至于与外国同行的交往方式,均呈现出相当严重的封闭性.一定意义上,"封闭性"正暴露出我国研究生培养模式的症结所在.本文希望对研究生培养过程中存在的一系列现象进行剖析,将各种习以为常的现象"问题化",进而讨论可能的思考方向和可行的改革路径.     

Integrating Art Education Models: Contemporary Controversies in Spain

In this article, a basic controversy for art education in Spain is analysed, and its antecedents in thought and social and artistic practices are reviewed. The controversy refers to the question whether school art education should be oriented towards the fine arts or towards the manual arts. Consequently, which should be the cultural model of reference in contemporary art education? These two controversies are considered as two dimensions whose poles have, to a certain extent, the capacity to articulate various educational trends. The values associated with each pole of each dimension are discussed: for the first dimension, creativity, originality, self‐efficacy and the value of accomplished work; for the second, increase of cultural capital and intercultural solidarity. Finally, the possibility is considered of elaborating educational models that would integrate the various mentioned educative values. The question is raised of the compatibility of these educational values, and it is pointed out that art education has the capacity to generate educational spaces of interchange and dialogue in which to combine languages and perspectives that can contribute to human development and to the mutual coexistence of social groups.     

高校思想政治理论课教育教学的态势分析

现阶段高校思想政治理论课的教育教学既存在优势也存在劣势,既拥有机遇也蕴涵威胁,优势、劣势、机遇、威胁这四个方面存在内在的关联,构成四种不同的矩阵--组合方式.基于四种不同的矩阵--组合分析,新形势下的思想政治理论课教育教学的改革对策是:发挥优势、把握机遇、抑制劣势、战胜威胁.