试探中国武侠电影与文化传播

本研究采用文献资料法和逻辑分析方法,阐述了环境、武、侠义是武侠电影中最具有观赏价值的亮点。环境和侠互相映照融为一体,与主题的基调一致营造着悠远的意境,传达出"天人合一"的美学精神。"武"以博大精深的中国武术文化为源泉,在银幕上展现着独特的中国功夫场景,在神韵上是飘逸的东方意境之美。"侠义"精神是武侠电影的内在灵魂,是中国人所独有的传统美德。     

Cosmopolitical encounters: Prototyping at the National Zoo in Santiago,Chile

This article presents an empirical reflection on how the prototyping of an environmental enrichment device for chimpanzees at the National Zoo of Chile precipitates a cosmopolitical encounter. Using material produced by design students, zookeepers and the chimps Judy and Gombe, we describe how prototyping iterations establish open processes of dialogue and encounters among humans and nonhumans. The case will demonstrate how prototyping can go further than the generation of models of an original. On the contrary, the cosmopolitical encounter emerging from the prototyping process makes evident a truly ontological vocation, acknowledging humans and other-than-human beings as singular entities. Its provisional and malleable nature turns this device into a privileged locus for the exploration of interspecies entanglement. Although zoos are scientifically organized institutions, in this case we observe how its anthropocentric hierarchy was performatively reshuffled at certain moments of the prototyping process. The cosmopolitical qualities of the prototyping process analyzed derive from its capacity to deploy an ethics of attention and care between the agencies at play, that is, for unfold gestures of mutual vulnerability. Finally, we propose prototyping as a device for moving from cosmopolitics as a way of understanding the world to cosmopolitics as a matter of design.     

Measuring allocative efficiency in Cultural Economics: the case of “Fundación Princesa de Asturias” (The Princess of Asturias Foundation)

The literature on Cultural Economics provides us with some examples for the measurement of technical efficiency. However, there are few case studies dedicated to the analysis of allocative efficiency. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap by incorporating a methodology that analyses both technical and allocative efficiency. We use the Shephard’s distance function, particularly suitable when affronted with non-profit-making firms or institutions that are not interested in cost minimization. As an empirical application, we analyse the efficiency of Fundación Princesa de Asturias (PAF), a Spanish non-governmental organization devoted to promoting the cultural, scientific and humanistic values of universal heritage, the period of study being 1988–2012. Our findings suggest that PAF could have used 7% less inputs to achieve the same level of output. On the other hand, we have found allocative inefficiency. Concretely, the input for other expenditures appears to have been over-utilized in relation to both the inputs for labour and current assets, with labour in turn being over-utilized in relation to current assets. Moreover, our results indicate that both technical and allocative efficiency have clearly improved during the period analysed. In summary, our empirical application shows how distance function methodology can be successfully implemented to measure allocative efficiency in cultural firms and institutions.     

新闻传播史体系的三维空间

新闻传播史呈现给人们的总体印象是一个完整、混沌的系统结构。要将新闻传播史的研究推向深入,必须对这一混沌的整体进行解析。合理的解析是将其细分为三个层次或子系统:新闻传播事业、新闻传播制度、新闻传播观念。它们彼此依赖,相辅相成。其中,新闻传播事业始终是最活跃、最积极的因素;新闻传播制度则相对地比较滞后,具有一定的持久性、适应性和稳定性;新闻传播观念虽然是主体对于新闻传播实践的能动的反映,但是科学的观念能转化成物质的力量,成为新闻传播事业、新闻传播制度设计的指南。要解构披着历史外衣的政治与社会神话,必须建构起新闻传播事业、新闻传播制度和新闻传播观念彼此交融的统一的三维历史空间。     

A scale-based approach to interdisciplinary research and expertise in sports

After more than 20 years since the introduction of ecological and dynamical approaches in sports research, their promising opportunity for interdisciplinary research has not been fulfilled yet. The complexity of the research process and the theoretical and empirical difficulties associated with an integrated ecological-dynamical approach have been the major factors hindering the generalisation of interdisciplinary projects in sports sciences. To facilitate this generalisation, we integrate the major concepts from the ecological and dynamical approaches to study behaviour as a multi-scale process. Our integration gravitates around the distinction between functional (ecological) and execution (organic) scales, and their reciprocal intra- and inter-scale constraints. We propose an (epistemological) scale-based definition of constraints that accounts for the concept of synergies as emergent coordinative structures. To illustrate how we can operationalise the notion of multi-scale synergies we use an interdisciplinary model of locomotor pointing. To conclude, we show the value of this approach for interdisciplinary research in sport sciences, as we discuss two examples of task-specific dimensionality reduction techniques in the context of an ongoing project that aims to unveil the determinants of expertise in basketball free throw shooting. These techniques provide relevant empirical evidence to help bootstrap the challenging modelling efforts required in sport sciences.     

Are gait characteristics and ground reaction forces related to energy cost of running in elite Kenyan runners?

The aim of this study was to determine whether gait cycle characteristics are associated with running economy in elite Kenyan runners. Fifteen elite Kenyan male runners completed two constant-speed running sets on a treadmill (12 km ·h^?1 and 20 km ·h^?1). VO₂ and respiratory exchange ratio values were measured to calculate steady-state oxygen and energy cost of running. Gait cycle characteristics and ground contact forces were measured at each speed. Oxygen cost of running at different velocities was 192.2 ± 14.7 ml· kg^?1· km^?1 at 12 km· h^?1 and 184.8 ± 9.9 ml· kg^?1· km^?1 at 20 km· h^?1, which corresponded to a caloric cost of running of 0.94 ± 0.07 kcal ·kg^?1·km^?1 and 0.93 ± 0.07 kcal· kg^?1· km^?1. We found no significant correlations between oxygen and energy cost of running and biomechanical variables and ground reaction forces at either 12 or 20 km· h^?1. However, ground contact times were ~10.0% shorter (very large effect) than in previously published literature in elite runners at similar speeds, alongside an 8.9% lower oxygen cost (very large effect). These results provide evidence to hypothesise that the short ground contact times may contribute to the exceptional running economy of Kenyan runners.     

Light-load maximal lifting velocity full squat training program improves important physical and skill characteristics in futsal players

This study aimed to compare the effect of 6 weeks of resistance training or combined resistance training and change of direction exercises on physical performance and motor skills in futsal players. Thirty-four futsal players were divided into full squat group (SG, n = 12), combined full squat and change of direction exercises group (S+CDG, n = 12) and control group (CG, n = 10). The resistance training for SG consisted of full squat with low load (~45–58% 1RM) and low volume (4–6 repetitions), whereas the S+CDG performed the same resistance training program combined with loaded change of direction. Sprint time in 10 and 20 m, change of direction test, countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) height, maximal strength and force–velocity relationship in full squat exercise, kicking speed ball (BS_mean) and repeated sprint ability (RSA_mean) were selected as testing variables. Both experimental groups showed significant improvements for CMJ, BS_mean and all strength parameters. Only SG resulted in significant sprint gains, whereas S+CDG also achieved significant improvements in RSA_mean. The CG remained unchanged after training period. No significant differences were found between both experimental groups. These findings suggest that only 12 sessions of either lightweight resistance training alone, lifting the load at maximal intended velocity or combined with change of direction exercises is enough to improve several physical and skills capacities critical to futsal performance in adult players.     

空气质量响应曲面模型在杭州市的应用

基于CMAQ模拟结果,统计、归纳出各种污染物排放控制因子与污染物浓度之间的函数关系,建立空气质量响应曲面模型RSM,通过留一法交叉验证和外部验证对模型进行可靠性验证。使用RSM,研究不同污染物的PM_2.5响应值,评估现有政策不变（Ⅰ）和政策收紧（Ⅱ）两种减排情景,发现NO_X、SO₂、NH₃和VOC对PM_2.5浓度体现明显的非线性响应特征,情景Ⅱ的减排效果明显好于情景Ⅰ,夏季的减排效果好于冬季。     

青少年校园足球运动开展的风险识别与防控

校园足球是中国足球的重要后备力量来源之一,在很大程度上发挥着重要作用.但是,在校园足球发展的同时隐藏着不同程度的风险,影响着校园足球运动的开展.本文主要采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等方法对校园足球的开展可能带来的风险进行识别,以此来提高相关部门以及相关人员的风险意识与防范意识,以期校园足球获得更好的可持续发展.     

Effect of a Brazilian Jiu-jitsu-simulated tournament on strength parameters and perceptual responses

This study aimed to analyse the effects of a simulated Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) tournament on vertical jump performance, grip strength test and perceived effort responses. 22 male BJJ athletes participated in a simulated tournament consisting of three 7 min matches separated by 14 min of rest. Kimono grip strength test (KGST), counter movement jump (CMJ) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured before and after each match, while RPE of specific areas was assessed after three matches. ANOVA for repeated measures was used to compare strength parameters after each match with the level of significance set at 5%. The key results showed a significant decrease of jump height (p = 0.001) and net vertical impulse in the CMJ (p = 0.031), as well as a reduction of the number of reps in the KGST (p < 0.001). A significant increase of RPE was found throughout the matches (p < 0.001). Considering the RPE in specific areas, no differences were observed between the upper and lower body (p = 0.743). We conclude that the BJJ simulated tournament generated a decrease of performance in both upper and lower limbs and provoked a progressive increase in the effort perception over the matches.