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991.
992.
Marcos Cupani María Cristina Richaud de Minzi Edgardo Raúl Pérez Ricardo Marcos Pautassi 《Learning and individual differences》2010,20(6):659-663
This study tested a set of hypotheses derived from the model of academic achievement in mathematics of the Social Cognitive Career Theory in a sample of Argentinean middle school students. To this aim, 277 students (male and female; age: 13–15 years) were assessed using the following instruments: logical–mathematical self-efficacy scale, mathematics outcome expectations, mathematics performance goals, and mathematics ability test. All of these instruments had been adapted for use in Argentinean students. Academic achievement in mathematics (i.e., grades obtained on regular school exams) was the variable to be modeled through the path analysis technique. The analysis allowed identification of interrelations among the variables and identification of direct and indirect effects. Academic achievement in mathematics was partially explained by the model. Overall, the results support the theoretical postulates of Social Cognitive Career Theory. 相似文献
993.
Caroline Bouchard Nathalie Bigras Gilles Cantin Sylvain Coutu Bénédicte Blain-Brière Joell Eryasa Annie Charron Liesette Brunson 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2010,37(5):371-379
The importance of encouraging language skills in early childhood has been well documented. Educators who are responsible for
children in daycare services have many opportunities to use rich and stimulating educational practices that support language
acquisition. The purpose of this study was to assess the language-support practices used by 22 educators in ECE centers with
174 children (87 girls and 87 boys) aged 55.7 months on average (SD = 4.2). The Teacher Interaction and Language Rating Scale
developed by Girolametto et al. (Teacher interaction and language rating scale, Hanen Centre, Toronto, 2000) was translated and adapted for use in French. Analyses reveal the heterogeneity of language support provided to 4-year-old
children attending early childhood education centers in Québec (Canada). Results are discussed in relation to the importance
of the educational setting and specific training on language skill development provided to educators around promoting language
skills in children, a fundamental prerequisite for educational success. 相似文献
994.
Processing of derived forms in high-functioning dyslexics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We report on an experiment designed to evaluate processing of derived forms in high-functioning dyslexics, defined as university
students with a history of reading difficulties who have age-appropriate reading comprehension skills. We compared high-functioning
dyslexics with a group of normal adult readers in their performance on a lexical decision task with derived items (such as
cloudy and ably) and pseudo-derived items (such as belly and gravy). Some items contained an orthographic change (such as able-ably and gravy) and others did not (such as cloud - cloudy). The results indicated that although control participants’ response times varied systematically as a function of morphological
complexity, those of high-functioning dyslexics did not. Further, there was some evidence of a relationship between derivational
processing and reading. It seems that high-functioning dyslexics have persistent difficulties in processing one particular
aspect of morphology; that of derived forms. 相似文献
995.
In a series of related experiments, we studied associative phenomena in snails (Helix aspersa), using the conditioning procedure of tentacle lowering. Experiments 1A and 1B demonstrated a basic conditioning effect in
which the pairing of an odor (apple) as the conditioned stimulus (CS) with the opportunity to feed on carrot as the unconditioned
stimulus (US) made snails exhibit increased levels of tentacle lowering in the presence of the CS. Experiments 2 and 3 showed
that the magnitude of the conditioning was reduced when snails were exposed to the CS prior to the conditioning trial (a latent
inhibition effect). Experiment 4 examined the effects produced by pairing a compound CS (apple—pear) with food presentations
and demonstrated the existence of an overshadowing effect between the two odors. Experiment 5 revealed that pairing one CS
with another previously conditioned stimulus increased tentacle lowering to the new CS (a second-order conditioning effect).
Finally, Experiment 6 showed that pairing two odors prior to conditioning of one of them promoted an increase in tentacle
lowering in response to the other (a sensory preconditioning effect). The results are discussed in terms of an associative
analysis of conditioning and its implications for the study of cognition in invertebrates. 相似文献
996.
Juárez-Maldonado CE Ortega-Saavedra G Huichan-Olivares F Gómez-Romero J Cruz-Morales SE Arriaga-Ramírez JC 《Learning & behavior》2006,34(4):374-378
The serial position effect in Long-Evans rats was evaluated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, the effect in a group for
which an interstimulus interval (ISI) was introduced between items in a list of demonstrators was compared with that in a
group without an ISI. With an ISI, a recency effect was produced. In Experiment 2, a serial position effect group was compared
with four groups in which either the distinctiveness or the context of the middle item was changed, relative to the items
on either side of it. A von Restorff effect was produced when a rat from a different strain was used as a demonstrator in
Position 2. The results for Experiment 1 are discussed in relation to interstimulus effects in monkeys and those for Experiment
2 with respect to changes in the physical properties of middle items. 相似文献
997.
Nutritional evaluation of caseins and whey proteins and their hydrolysates from Protamex 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
夏文水 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(2):90-98
Whey protein concentrate (WPC 80) and sodium caseinate were hydrolyzed by Protamex to 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% degree of hydrolysis (DH). WPC 80, sodium caseinate and their hydrolysates were then analyzed, compared and evaluated for their nutritional qualities. Their chemical composition, protein solubility, amino acid composition, essential amino acid index (EAA index), biological value (BV), nutritional index (NI), chemical score, enzymic protein efficiency ratio (E-PER) and in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) were determined. The results indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis of WPC 80 and sodium caseinate by Protamex improved the solubility and IVPD of their hydrolysates. WPC 80, sodium caseinate and their hydrolysates were high-quality proteins and had a surplus of essential amino acids compared with the FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) reference standard. The nutritive value of WPC 80 and its hydrolysates was superior to that of sodium caseinate and its hydrolysates as indicated by some nutritional parameters such as the amino acid composition, chemical score, EAA index and predicted BV. However, the E-PER was lower for the WPC hydrolysates as compared to unhydrolyzed WPC 80 but sodium caseinate and its hydrolysates did not differ significantly. The nutritional qualities of WPC 80, sodium caseinate and their hydrolysates were good and make them appropriate for food formulations or as nutritional supplements. 相似文献
998.
本文运用会话分析中的话轮交替模式来分析Alexandre Dumas fils的剧本《茶花女》第九章的一段对话,展示戏剧中人物性格。本文中具体分析话轮交替机制主要包括的三个方面,即话轮分配、话轮分布和话轮序列。 相似文献
999.
Background: Question‐answering systems (or QA Systems) stand as a new alternative for Information Retrieval Systems. Most users frequently need to retrieve specific information about a factual question to obtain a whole document. Objectives: The study evaluates the efficiency of QA systems as terminological sources for physicians, specialised translators and users in general. It assesses the performance of one open‐domain QA system, START, and one restricted‐domain QA system, MedQA. Method: The study collected two hundred definitional questions (What is…?), either general or specialised, from the health website WebMD. Sources used by the open‐domain QA system, START, and the restricted‐domain QA system, MedQA, were studied to retrieve answers, and later a range of evaluation measures (precision, Mean Reciprocal Rank, Total Reciprocal Rank, First Hit Success) were applied to mark the quality of answers. Results: It was established that both systems are useful in the retrieval of valid definitional healthcare information, with an acceptable degree of coherent and precise responses from both. The answers supplied by MedQA were more reliable that those of START in the sense that they came from specialised clinical or academic sources, most of them showing links to further research articles. Conclusions: Results obtained show the potential of this type of tool in the more general realm of information access, and the retrieval of health information. They may be considered a good, reliable and reasonably precise alternative in alleviating the information overload. Both QA systems can help professionals and users can obtain healthcare information. 相似文献
1000.
Thorsten Hennig-Thurau André Marchand Barbara Hiller 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2012,36(3):249-283
The relationship between the judgments of professional reviewers and the economic success of cultural products, such as motion pictures, has been the topic of controversial debates involving both scholars and industry experts. This study builds on previous research that distinguishes an ??influencer effect?? of reviews from a ??predictor effect.?? By empirically separating consumers?? and reviewers?? perceptions of movie quality through an auxiliary regression approach (and thus effectively controls for consumers?? quality perceptions), this study advances the discussion by investigating whether and how isolated reviewer quality perceptions are associated with box office results. The authors empirically test a non-linear effect of reviewers?? quality perceptions on box office returns, including a comprehensive investigation of the moderating forces of this relationship, using regression and simple slope analyses. Data from all 1,370 narrative films released in the United States between 1998 and 2006 reveal that though the short-term box office generally is not influenced by isolated reviewer quality perceptions, a non-linear relationship exists between reviews and long-term box office returns, such that films rated highly by reviewers are more strongly influenced than those that are not. In terms of moderators, the authors find evidence for several arthouse and mainstream characteristics to moderate the relationship between isolated reviewer quality perceptions and box office results. 相似文献