建立市场辅导机制下的"文化保护主义"体系——欧盟影视公共资助模式的思考

公共资助体系是欧洲国家对以影视为主导的文化创意产业的一系列重要的公共政策,起源于20世纪30年代。世界大战末期的欧洲成为美国电影及美国价值观主导的市场,如何保持欧洲产业的文化多样性和全球竞争力引起了欧洲业界的普遍危机认同。通过市场和文化的双轨措施实施的公共资助体系,开发出产业之区域整合与互惠模式,创造出一个全新的全球市场竞争力量,保持了欧洲各文化对美国文化强权的抗衡能力的政策模式和产业辅助体系。基于市场竞争和文化多样双重原则下建立起来的视听产业公共资助体系,以“经济和文化”的两手原则为指导,目的是为影视产业的市场化和文化价值服务,其建构的体系原则、资金来源、运营方式均值得尚处于产业化转型,尤其是文化体制改革进程中的中国影视业界借鉴。     

CERN document server: Document management system for grey literature in a networked environment

Conclusion In this paper we briefly described the current status of research in the field of digital libraries interoperability, mainly with respect to federated data processing such as permitted within the Open Archive Initiative framework. We then presented the CERN Document Server Software suite that is a free software package main-tained by CERN providing an online digital library solution for mid- to large-sized document repositories. The set of CDSware modules was described and the differ-ences with other existing tools briefly mentioned. Finally we have mentioned a typical usage statistics illustrating the scope of grey literature and networked con-ditions of the CERN Document Server. We pointed out that the current trend in grey literature management goes toward institutional repositories build upon the distributed and federated model. Further research is going on within the CDS collaboration in this area, focused particularly on (i) semantic interoperability using ontologies in distributed and federated data processing and (ii) ranking technologies when searching grey literature in OAI compliant repositories.     

Kinematics of cycling in relation to anterior knee pain and patellar tendinitis

The coronal and sagittal plane leg movements of 24 experienced male cyclists were assessed using video analysis while cycling on a Kingcycle windload simulator. The cyclists were grouped into those with a history of injury and an asymptomatic group on the basis of self-reported injury status. The ages, cycling experience, competition distances and competition speeds of the two groups were compared using Student's t-test. No significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for any of these variables. The maximum and minimum shank adduction, shank adduction velocities, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion values were also compared using Student's t-test. Significant differences were found at the point of maximum adduction (1.9 degrees; P = 0.019) and minimum dorsiflexion (4.9 degrees; P = 0.014). These differences indicated more dorsiflexion and greater abduction on the part of the symptomatic cyclists, supporting previous research that found that cyclists with a history of injury differ from those without a history of injury in the coronal plane leg movement patterns they adopt. Also, the most extreme medial position of the knee relative to the ankle occurred during knee extension. This supports the potential injury mechanism proposed by Francis (1986), which had previously only been examined using coronal plane kinematics.