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121.
K K Heap 《Child abuse & neglect》1991,15(3):261-273
The aim of this study was to develop methods, categories, and criteria for investigating and evaluating parental functioning and potential and to relate the accuracy of such categories to prognosis. A case analysis, a predictive study, and a follow-up study of 17 abused and/or neglected children was conducted 5-6 years later. Categories were developed and cases analyzed for stress factors in childhood, youth, and early adult life and for factors related to social network, finances, work, accommodation, pregnancy, and marriage. The cases were also analyzed with regard to the following dimensions: immaturity, emotional problems, psychosis, mental retardation, alcohol and drugs. Seven areas of parental functioning were scored on a 4-point scale. The child's role and the effect of parents' unresolved problems upon the parent-child interaction were also studied. The findings of this study, limited though it is in scope, suggest that the prognosis for abusive and/or neglectful parents is poorer when they are scored high on immaturity than when they are scored high on emotional problems. 相似文献
122.
Richard K. Olson 《Reading and writing》2007,20(1-2):1-11
This introduction to the special issue on Genes, Environment, and Reading presents an overview of the background for behavior-
and molecular-genetic research on dyslexia and individual differences across the normal range. The general methods, questions
addressed, and selected results are summarized for each of the papers in the order of their presentation in the special issue.
Concluding comments reflect on the influence of environmental range on estimates of genetic and environmental influences,
and the future of behavior- and molecular-genetic research on reading. 相似文献
123.
Stephen J. Bagnato Hoi K. Suen Dale Brickley Janell Smith-Jones Ernie Dettore 《Early childhood research quarterly》2002,17(4):117
The national debate surrounding the issue of school failure has renewed interest in the quality, efficacy, and outcomes of early childhood intervention programs that can promote early school success for children at developmental risk. Moreover, researchers and policymakers report the need to document developmentally-appropriate models for assessing and evaluating early childhood outcomes. We report on the first-phase results of Pittsburgh’s early childhood initiative (ECI). ECI is a privately-funded effort by a consortium composed of the business, corporate, foundation, and community sectors to implement high-quality early care and education options for children in high-risk neighborhoods. The overarching objective of ECI is to ensure early school success for high-risk children. Our Scaling Progress in Early Childhood Settings (SPECS) Evaluation Team implemented an authentic assessment and program evaluation strategy and an enhanced “constructed comparison group” statistical model to conduct longitudinal research on the child developmental impact of the ECI model. First-phase results on 155 high-risk children indicate that those who participated in high-quality ECI programs for the longest periods of time demonstrated patterns of progress that exceeded maturational expectations. Weekly collaborative consultation to teachers and caregivers by consultants about program quality using the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) standards as “best practice” benchmarks seemed to be associated with initial enhanced child outcomes and the particular impact of the ECI model. 相似文献
124.
125.
To better understand dimensions of text complexity and their effect on the comprehension of adolescents, 103 high school seniors were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Each group read versions of the same 2 informational passages and answered comprehension test items targeting factual recall and inferences of causal content. Group A passages had a challenging readability level and high cohesion; Group B passages had an easier readability and low cohesion; Group C passages had a challenging readability level and low cohesion; and Group D passages had an easier readability and high cohesion. Students in Group D significantly outperformed students in Group C (g = 0.78). Although the effect sizes of comparisons among all groups ranged from g = 0.13 to 0.73, no other comparisons were statistically significant. Results indicate that adolescents’ reading comprehension is dually influenced by a text's readability and cohesion. Implications for matching readers to instructional text are discussed. 相似文献
126.
127.
Wolff-Michael Roth Kenneth Robin Andrea Zimmermann 《Learning Environments Research》2002,5(3):353-354
Volume Contents
Volume contents 相似文献128.
Shalom M. Fisch Susan K. McCann 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1993,41(3):103-109
The current reform movement in mathematics education has called for new ways of teaching that encourage children to become
active participants in mathematical problem solving. In this article, the potential of educational television to elicit such
behavior is investigated by reviewing research on theSquare One TV television series. A sizable body of evidence indicates that, through viewer participation,Square One TV can promote mathematical behavior directly among its target audience of 8- to 12-year-olds. Described in the article are
the types of viewer participation that have been observed, threeSquare One TV formats that have consistently been found to elicit participative behavior, and several characteristics of these formats
that may have been responsible for increased viewer participation. If these characteristics are incorporated into future television-based
materials, they may increase the potential of the materials to elicit active participation among viewers.
The production ofSquare One TV and the research described here were supported by the National Science Foundation, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting,
the Carnegie Corporation, and the U.S. Department of Education. Production of the first season was also supported by the Andrew
W. Mellon Foundation and by the IBM Corporation. Additional funding for the fourth and fifth seasons was provided by the Intel
Corporation.
This article is based on a paper presented at the 1993 meeting of the American Educational Research Association in Atlanta,
Georgia. 相似文献
129.
H M Wellman D Cross K Bartsch 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》1987,51(3):1-67
Research on Piaget's stage 4 object concept has failed to reveal a clear or consistent pattern of results. Piaget found that 8-12-month-old infants would make perserverative errors; his explanation for this phenomenon was that the infant's concept of the object was contextually dependent on his or her actions. Some studies designed to test Piaget's explanation have replicated Piaget's basic finding, yet many have found no preference for the A location or the B location or an actual preference for the B location. More recently, researchers have attempted to uncover the causes for these results concerning the A-not-B error. Again, however, different studies have yielded different results, and qualitative reviews have failed to yield a consistent explanation for the results of the individual studies. This state of affairs suggests that the phenomenon may simply be too complex to be captured by individual studies varying 1 factor at a time and by reviews based on similar qualitative considerations. Therefore, the current investigation undertook a meta-analysis, a synthesis capturing the quantitative information across the now sizable number of studies. We entered several important factors into the meta-analysis, including the effects of age, the number of A trials, the length of delay between hiding and search, the number of locations, the distances between locations, and the distinctive visual properties of the hiding arrays. Of these, the analysis consistently indicated that age, delay, and number of hiding locations strongly influence infants' search. The pattern of specific findings also yielded new information about infant search. A general characterization of the results is that, at every age, both above-chance and below-chance performance was observed. That is, at each age at least 1 combination of delay and number of locations yielded above-chance A-not-B errors or significant perseverative search. At the same time, at each age at least 1 alternative combination of delay and number of locations yielded below-chance errors and significant above-chance correct performance, that is, significantly accurate search. These 2 findings, appropriately elaborated, allow us to evaluate all extant theories of stage 4 infant search. When this is done, all these extant accounts prove to be incorrect. That is, they are incommensurate with one aspect or another of the pooled findings in the meta-analysis. Therefore, we end by proposing a new account that is consistent with the entire data set. 相似文献
130.