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Heinz-Hermann Krüger Cathleen Grunert Parviz Rostampour Claudia Seeling Thomas Rauschenbach Andreas Huber Ivo Züchner Beate Kleifgen Kirsten Fuchs Andreas Lembert 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2002,5(3):436-453
Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel besch?ftigt sich mit einem Themengebiet, das in der erziehungswissenschaftlichen Wissenschafts-, Hochschul-und
Berufsforschung bislang kaum analysiert worden ist. Unter Bezug auf die Ergebnisse einer schriftlichen Befragung von rund
3.800 Absolventen erziehungswissenschaftlicher Hauptfachstudieng?nge (Diplom, Magister) in ganz Deutschland wird die Frage
untersucht, wie gro? die Gruppe der Studierenden aus diesen Studieng?ngen ist, die sich einige Jahre nach dem Studienabschluss
im Arbeitsfeld Hochschule und Forschung beruflich platzieren kann bzw. promoviert, durch welche Merkmale diese Gruppe gekennzeichnet
ist und welche Bedingungsfaktoren den Weg in die Wissenschaft beeinflussen. Nach einem überblick über den bisherigen Stand
der Forschung und der Darstellung zentraler Resultate des Diplom-und Magister-Surveys zum Weg in die Wissenschaft werden abschlie?end
einige Konsequenzen diskutiert, die sich aus den Befunden für eine Reform der bisherigen Hauptfachstudieng?nge bzw. für die
zukünftige Gestaltung neuer Studieng?nge mit Blick auf eine Verbesserung der Nachwuchsf?rderung für das Fach Erziehungswissenschaft
ergeben.
Summary Paths into Science: The Results of a National Survey of Graduates from Diplom and Magister Programs in Educational Science This article examines a topic which has hardly been dealt with in the field of Educational Science. A survey of around 3,800 graduates of Educational Science in both Diplom and Magister programs in Germany asked what proportion of graduates went on to work or commence a Ph.D. in higher education. It also investigated the characteristics of such graduates and the conditions which determined their path into science. Following an overview of preceding research in this area and a presentation of the central results of the survey, the consequences of the findings for a reform of courses and an improvement in the training of academics in the field of Educational Science will be discussed.相似文献
474.
The impact of stereoscopic imagery and motion on anatomical structure recognition and visual attention performance 下载免费PDF全文
Martin Remmele Elena Schmidt Melissa Lingenfelder Andreas Martens 《Anatomical sciences education》2018,11(1):15-24
Gross anatomy is located in a three‐dimensional space. Visualizing aspects of structures in gross anatomy education should aim to provide information that best resembles their original spatial proportions. Stereoscopic three‐dimensional imagery might offer possibilities to implement this aim, though some research has revealed potential impairments that may result from observing stereoscopic visualizations, such as discomfort. However, possible impairments of working memory such as decreased visual attention performance due to applying this technology in gross anatomy education have not yet been investigated. Similarly, in gross anatomy education the impact of stereoscopic imagery on learners’ recognition of anatomical‐spatial relationships and the impact of different presentation formats have only been investigated in a small number of studies. In this study, the performance of 171 teacher trainees working on the anatomy of hearing was examined, either with non‐stereoscopic or stereoscopic imagery. Static and dynamic picture presentations were applied. Overall, benefits for stereoscopic imagery on estimating anatomical‐spatial relations were found. The performance on a visual attention test indicates that the impact of stereoscopic visualizations on the human cognitive system varies more from person to person compared to non‐stereoscopic visualizations. In addition, combinations of temporarily moving pictures and stereoscopic imagery lead to decreased visual attention performance compared to combinations of moving pictures and non‐stereoscopic imagery. Anat Sci Educ 11: 15–24. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
475.
Gustav Bohlin Andreas Göransson Gunnar E. Höst Lena A. E. Tibell 《Science & Education》2017,26(7-9):975-999
Educational videos on the Internet comprise a vast and highly diverse source of information. Online search engines facilitate access to numerous videos claiming to explain natural selection, but little is known about the degree to which the video content match key evolutionary content identified as important in evolution education research. In this study, we therefore analyzed the content of 60 videos accessed through the Internet, using a criteria catalog with 38 operationalized variables derived from research literature. The variables were sorted into four categories: (a) key concepts (e.g. limited resources and inherited variation), (b) threshold concepts (abstract concepts with a transforming and integrative function), (c) misconceptions (e.g. that evolution is driven by need), and (d) organismal context (e.g. animal or plant). The results indicate that some concepts are frequently communicated, and certain taxa are commonly used to illustrate concepts, while others are seldom included. In addition, evolutionary phenomena at small temporal and spatial scales, such as subcellular processes, are rarely covered. Rather, the focus is on population-level events over time scales spanning years or longer. This is consistent with an observed lack of explanations regarding how randomly occurring mutations provide the basis for variation (and thus natural selection). The findings imply, among other things, that some components of natural selection warrant far more attention in biology teaching and science education research. 相似文献
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This article reports a study that investigated secondary school students’ higher education aspirations (towards university studies, ISCED 6 and above) and how these differ between student groups as well as how these are impacted by values of education. Panel data of more than 300 secondary school students in two countries, Luxembourg and Switzerland (the Swiss Canton of Bern) was analysed. Schools are structured differently in the education systems of Luxembourg and the Swiss Canton of Bern. The results of our analysis show that students in the Luxembourgish sample more often aspire to higher education than in the Swiss sample. Disparities in higher education aspirations were also more pronounced in the Luxembourgish sample, boys and students from families of low socio‐economic status (SES) were less likely to aspire to higher education. While the effects of values of education are generally scarce, stimulation in terms of anticipated enjoyment and interest derived from participation in higher education seems to have a positive effect on higher education aspirations. 相似文献
479.
Andreas M. Maras 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2005,342(5):565-581
In this paper, a new approach to non-parametric signal detection with independent noise sampling is presented. The present approach is based on the locally asymptotically optimum (LAO) methodology, which is valid for vanishingly small signals and very large sample sizes, and on semi-parametric statistics. Its unique feature and essential difference from other techniques is that LAO non-parametric detectors are optimum according to the Neyman-Pearson criterion by being asymptotically uniformly most powerful at false alarm level α (AUMP (α)) and adaptive in the sense that no loss in Fisher's information number is incurred when the underlying noise process is no longer parametrically defined. Accordingly, they are robust against deviations from the postulated noise model and, unlike other non-parametric detectors, are distribution-free under both hypotheses H0 (“noise only present”) and H1 (“signal and noise present”). Non-parametric LAO detectors are derived from an asymptotic stochastic expansion of the log-likelihood ratio for coherent and narrowband incoherent “on-off” signals. Moreover, under the present framework it is shown that, in direct contrast to already known results, the non-parametric sign detector is AUMP (α) and adaptive even for non-constant signal samples. 相似文献
480.
Ex post examination of a firm's performance in key intellectual capital indicators can demonstrate the value-creating potential and the organizational change aspect of intellectual capital reporting and management. These insights form the basis of an intellectual capital portfolio selection problem. Portfolio selection takes place in two stages. First, we calculate mean returns and variances for each market-valued portion of intellectual capital. Based on these estimations, we set up a portfolio selection problem. The solution to this portfolio selection problem provides priorities for organizational change. In this framework, the portfolio weights stand for organizational priorities, the weight constraints represent organizational barriers for change and the correlation of returns stands for the organizational interdependence of the intellectual capital components. 相似文献