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71.
Aggregate unemployment may affect individual returns to education through qualification-specific responses in participation and wage bargaining. This paper shows that an increase in regional unemployment by 1% decreases returns to education by 0.005 percentage points. This implies that higher skilled employees are better sheltered from labour market changes with respect to their jobs but they encounter larger wage changes than less skilled employees. We use representative individual data and panel variation in unemployment between German regions and employee groups. We demonstrate that our results are robust with respect to aggregation bias, time lags and potential endogeneity of the unemployment variable. 相似文献
72.
Silvana Weiss Roland H. Grabner Reinhard Kargl Christian Purgstaller Andreas Fink 《Reading and writing》2010,23(6):645-671
Behavioral and neurophysiological effects of a computer-aided morphological training protocol were examined in German-speaking
children from Grades 3 to 9. Study 1 compared morphological awareness, reading, and spelling skills of 34 trained children
with an untrained control group of 34 children matched for age, sex, and intelligence. All participants in the training group
showed increases in morphological awareness, but only students from secondary school improved significantly in reading and
spelling competences. In Study 2, a subsample of 8 trained children with poor spelling and reading abilities and 10 untrained
children with higher language competencies underwent an electroencephalography testing involving three different language
tasks. The training resulted in decreased theta-activity and increased activity in lower (7–10 Hz) and upper alpha (10–13 Hz).
These findings reflect more effortful and attention-demanding processing after the training and suggest that children with
poor spelling and reading abilities use the acquired morphological knowledge in terms of a compensatory strategy. 相似文献
73.
The aim of this article is to develop analytical tools for studying mathematical communication in collaborative activities.
The theoretical construct of contextualization is elaborated methodologically in order to study diversity in individual thinking
in relation to effective communication. The construct of contextualization highlights issues of diversity in collaborative
activities as it emphasizes how students may struggle differently with a learning activity. The interaction of students (12
to 13 years old), playing a specifically designed dice game, is used as an example for illustration. The article shows how
accounting for the focal events of the interlocutors, and the contexts in which they contextualize these events, help in organizing
our thinking about mathematically effective communication in collaborative activities. 相似文献
74.
Thorben Hülsdünker Heiko K. Strüder Andreas Mierau 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(7):955-964
Many sports require athletes to rapidly transform visual information into a targeted motor response, a process referred to as visuomotor reaction. On the behavioural level, athletes have long been established to achieve faster simple visuomotor reaction times when compared to non-athletes. However, although the superior performance in athletes has been attributed to the central nervous system, the underlying neural mechanisms remained poorly studied. More recently, a growing number of neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies systematically addressed the functional and structural modulations in the athletes’ visual and motor systems as well as their contribution to visuomotor performance. This article reviews current research on structural and functional characteristics of the athletes’ cortical visuomotor system associated with simple visuomotor reactions, sports-specific visuomotor performance and visuomotor training. The primary objective is to shed light on the neural mechanisms potentially contributing to superior visuomotor reaction performance in athletes participating in visuomotor demanding disciplines. A more comprehensive understanding of performance-determining neural functions could provide great potential for diagnostics and training to improve athletic performance. 相似文献
75.
This paper reports on a project aiming to extend the current understanding of how emerging technologies, i.e. tablets, can be used in preschools to support collaborative learning of real-life science phenomena. The potential of tablets to support collaborative inquiry-based science learning and reflective thinking in preschool is investigated through the analysis of teacher-led activities on science, including children making timelapse photography and Slowmation movies. A qualitative analysis of verbal communication during different learning contexts gives rise to a number of categories that distinguish and identify different themes of the discussion. In this study, groups of children work with phase changes of water. We report enhanced and focused reasoning about this science phenomenon in situations where timelapse movies are used to stimulate recall. Furthermore, we show that children communicate in a more advanced manner about the phenomenon, and they focus more readily on problem solving when active in experimentation or Slowmation producing contexts. 相似文献
76.
Marie Martinussen Karin Højbjerg Andreas Lindenskov Tamborg 《Ethnography and Education》2018,13(1):100-118
This article addresses the implications of researcher-student cooperation in the production of empirical material. For the student to replace the experienced researcher and work under the researcher’s supervision, we call such work proxy-produced ethnographic work. Although there are clear advantages, the specific relations and positions arising from such a set-up between the teacher/researcher and the proxy ethnographer/student are found to have implications for the ethnographies produced. This article’s main focus is to show how these relations and positions have shifted the focus of the ethnographic work and in some way have distorted the ethnographies in certain ways. It is shown how the participating researchers have distinctive, incorporated dispositions with which they pre-consciously participate in an implicit and subtle relation that can make it easy to overlook the distortions during the research process. These ethnographic distortions are generated within a framework drawn primarily on the work of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. 相似文献
77.
Andrew Davies Lars Frederiksen Eugenia Cacciatori Andreas Hartmann 《Research Policy》2018,47(8):1403-1417
Prior research on organizational routines in the ‘capabilities’ literature has either studied how new routines are created during an exploratory process of variation and selection or how existing routines are replicated during a phase of exploitation. Few studies have analyzed the life cycle of new routine creation and replication as an integrated process. In an in-depth case study of England’s Highways Agency, this paper shows that the creation and replication of a new routine across multiple sites involves four sequential steps: envisioning, experimenting, entrenching and enacting. We contribute to the capabilities research in two ways: first, by showing how different organizational levels, capabilities and logics (cognitive and behavioural) shape the development of new routines; and second, by identifying how distinct evolutionary cycles of variation and selective retention occur during each step in the process. In contrast with prior research on replication as an exact copy of a template or existing routine, our study focuses on the replication of an entirely new routine (based on novel principles) that is adapted to fit local operational conditions during its large-scale replication across multiple sites. We draw upon insights from adjacent ‘practice research’ and suggest how capabilities and practice studies may complement each other in future research on the evolution of routines. 相似文献
78.
The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of playing-position-dependent training routines in soccer on the various muscle–tendon parameters. We hypothesized that there would be differences in such parameters between competitive goalkeepers and midfielders. According to their playing position, 21 healthy volunteers were assigned to goalkeeper (n?=?7), midfielder (n?=?7), and control (n?=?7) groups. To investigate the muscle–tendon parameters, we determined the maximum dorsiflexion range of motion and the corresponding muscle thickness, fascicle length, and pennation angle of the gastrocnemius medialis. Passive resistive torque and maximum voluntary contraction were measured with a dynamometer. Observation of muscle–tendon junction displacement with ultrasound allowed us to determine length changes in the tendon and muscle, respectively, and hence to calculate stiffness. There was no significant difference in range of motion, passive resistive torque, muscle–tendon stiffness, and the examined structural parameters (e.g., tendon stiffness) between the three groups. However, we found a significant difference in maximum voluntary contraction torque between the goalkeepers and midfielders vs. the controls, but not between the athlete groups. Habitual training leads to higher muscle strength in soccer players compared to less active persons. However, soccer training does not lead to specific muscle and tendon architecture adaptations according to playing position or when compared to less active persons. 相似文献
79.
Stefan Vogt Yorck Olaf Schumacher Andreas Blum Kai Roecker Hans-Hermann Dickhuth Andreas Schmid 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1299-1305
Abstract Until recently, the physiological demands of cycling competitions were mostly reflected by the measurement of heart rate and the indirect estimation of exercise intensity. The purpose of this case study was to illustrate the varying power output of a professional cyclist during flat and mountain stages of a Grand Tour (Giro d'Italia). Nine stage recordings of a cyclist of the 2005 Giro d'Italia were monitored using a mobile power measurement device (SRM Trainingssystem, Julich, Germany), which recorded direct power output and heart rate. Stages were categorized into flat (n = 5) and mountain stages (n = 4). Data were processed electronically, and the overall mean power in flat and mountain stages and maximal mean power for various durations were calculated. Mean power output was 132 W ± 26 (2.0 W · kg?1 ± 0.4) for the flat and 235 W ± 10 (3.5 W · kg?1 ± 0.1) for the mountain stages. Mountain stages showed higher maximal mean power (367 W) for longer durations (1800 s) than flat stages (239 W). Flat stages are characterized by a large variability of power output with short bursts of high power and long periods with reduced intensity of exercise, whereas mountain stages mostly require submaximal, constant power output over longer periods. 相似文献
80.