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51.
Three hundred and ninety-one children (195 girls; Mage = 9.56 years) attending Grades 1 and 5 completed implicit and explicit measures of math attitudes and math self-concepts. Math grades were obtained. Multilevel analyses showed that first-grade girls held a strong negative implicit attitude about math, despite no gender differences in math grades or self-reported (explicit) positivity about math. The explicit measures significantly predicted math grades, and implicit attitudes accounted for additional variance in boys. The contrast between the implicit (negativity for girls) and explicit (positivity for girls and boys) effects suggest implicit–explicit dissociations in children, which have also been observed in adults. Early-emerging implicit attitudes may be a foundation for the later development of explicit attitudes and beliefs about math. 相似文献
52.
Ksenija Krstić Anđela Šoškić Vanja Ković Kenneth Holmqvist 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2018,33(3):521-541
PISA results show that a considerable number of 15-year-old pupils after 8 to 10 years of schooling have a low level of functional reading literacy, as defined in the PISA framework. While PISA results help identify the level of reading competency, they do not reveal what might be the reasons why some students fail to solve the tasks. One way to explore the difficulties students encounter while solving PISA reading tasks is to track their eye movements during reading. The main aim of this study was to explore the similarities and differences in eye movement patterns between students with high and low scores on PISA reading tasks. A sample of 92 students took part in the pre-test, which was based on PISA items, and administered to identify groups of students with high and low PISA reading scores. Based on student pre-test results, 20 students were selected for the main, eye-tracking test—10 participants with low scores and 10 with high scores. The eye-tracking test consisted of four different released PISA reading tasks, three of them continuous and one non-continuous. The continuous items were followed by one multiple-choice question each at L1, L2, and L3 levels of difficulty. The non-continuous text was followed by three multiple-choice questions (also L1–L3).Three main findings were the following: regarding saccadic amplitudes, the reading was found to be less fluent for the low-skilled group; according to the heat maps, they had difficulty finding the relevant material; and taking into account standard deviations of eye-tracking measures, the variability was found to be larger in this group. Taken together, the findings of this study show that the PISA results differentiating low- and high-scoring groups go hand in hand with insights from more fine-grained eye-tracking measurements. 相似文献
53.
Diane Gillespie Nives Dolšak Bruce Kochis Ron Krabill Kari Lerum Anne Peterson Elizabeth Thomas 《Innovative Higher Education》2005,30(3):149-162
This article describes and assesses “Research Circles” as a mechanism for enhancing faculty collegiality and research. Recently
established on our campus, these circles, composed of three to four faculty members, have had a particularly powerful effect
on the new faculty members' adjustment to their tenure track positions, especially since they entered a context that might
otherwise have been challenging: a new interdisciplinary upper-division campus with high expectations for teaching excellence.
Based on the end-of-year evaluations, journals, and focus groups, the co-authors described themes that emerged from their
participation in these circles. Circle participation not only facilitated faculty writing throughout their first year, but
it also fostered the development of an interdisciplinary community which nurtured creativity and risk taking in writing.
All authors are currently teaching in Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences (IAS) at The University of Washington, Bothell (UWB).
Except for Diane Gillespie, Professor and Associate Director of IAS, all other authors are Assistant Professors in IAS. Diane
Gillespie received her Ph.D. in cultural and psychological studies in education from The University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
Her interests include critical pedagogy, narrative psychology, and cultural diversity. Nives Dolšak received a joint Ph.D.
in public policy and political science from Indiana University. Her interests include public policy, environmental policy,
and international relations. Bruce Kochis, received his Ph.D. in Slavic languages & literatures at the University of Michigan.
He focuses on global human rights policy, discourse analysis, and political theory. Ron Krabill received his Ph.D. in sociology
and historical studies from New School for Social Research. His interests include comparative media, politics and social movements
with a special emphasis on South Africa, as well as the study of peace, conflict, social justice, and human rights. Kari Lerum
received her Ph.D. in sociology from The University of Washington. Her interests include culture, organizations, sexuality,
qualitative methods, and visual studies. Anne Peterson received her Ph.D. from Washington University. Her interests include
urban politics and policy and the distribution of natural resources at the local level. Elizabeth Thomas received her Ph.D.
in psychology from The University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign. Her interests include community-based resources for adolescent
development, cultural psychology, and the social context of learning. 相似文献
54.
Jozef Miškolci 《School Leadership & Management》2017,37(3):234-253
The concept of distributed leadership has been widely accepted and scrutinised in research and practice since the beginning of the new millennium. Nonetheless, there is a lack of academic research on how school staff members perceive the term and to what extent they are willing to employ it as part of their daily practices. This article aims to explore these understandings and attitudes in two public primary schools – one in New South Wales (Australia) and one in Slovakia – whilst using qualitative research methods based on semi-structured interviews with staff members. The findings of this study reveal that participants often present very contradictory attitudes towards employing distributed leadership in practice. On the one hand, they require maximising the processes of distributed leadership and, on the other hand, they welcome various instances of solo/autocratic leadership practices by the principal. They also often conflated the concepts of distributed leadership and democratic leadership. In addition, the article discusses how wider social and political context may shape these perceptions and attitudes towards distributed leadership. 相似文献
55.
Karin Doolan Saša Puzić Branislava Baranović 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2018,42(4):467-481
This article provides a panoramic view of research findings on social inequalities in access to higher education in Croatia since the 1960s, guided by the question of what has changed in the findings. Our review shows that there is stark continuity over the last five decades: students from better educated family backgrounds tend to be overrepresented in higher education; students from better educated and white-collar family backgrounds are more likely to enrol in academic as opposed to professional study courses; students at one Croatian university in particular stand out in terms of their more privileged social background; and medicine seems to be the prime academic field for observing social reproduction. We note that these persistent findings run parallel to a dramatically changing political, economic and social context in Croatia, including transformations in the 1990s resulting from social ownership of the means of production to widespread private ownership, as well as transformations from a one-party political system to the establishment of a multi-party political system. The article maps possible theoretical explanations for the resilience of social inequalities in access to higher education in the context of dynamic times. It also questions the role of educational policies in this process. 相似文献
56.
The paper argues that what is left behind in the current era of accountability is the educational content. The authors present shedding the content as the great challenge of teaching and learning in today’s schools. They turn to the tradition of Bildung and outline the theoretical background for the content-focused approach to (research on) teaching and learning. Their approach is based on analyses of authentic (real-life) teaching and learning situations. The paper highlights how didactic case studies can be used to generalize the findings across individual cases. Within the multiple case studies, 44 didactic case studies were reanalysed to identify didactic formalisms, i.e. problems in the semantic and logical structure of educational content, which corrupt the quality of instruction. Two specific types of didactic formalism are described in detail; stolen cognition and concealed cognition. Stolen cognition prevents cognitive activation of students when the teacher over-reduces the space allowed for the students’ cognitive work with the content, concealed cognition are instances of purposeless cognitive activation of students due to their being disconnected from the content. 相似文献
57.
Jana Matošková Michaela Baňařová Martina Polčáková 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2019,43(3):381-395
This research examined what university students recommend for effective university study and whether their recommendations differ by gender, faculty or study programme degree. The research was based on 985 questionnaires. The following words were most commonly used in advice for freshmen: Go, Lectures, Learn, Continuously, Be, Prepare, Information, Have, Do, Materials. The fundamental advice seems to be: to go to lectures, to have needed materials and information and to learn and prepare continuously. Some stated recommendations react to the development of information and communication technologies and the massive usage of the Internet (such as obtaining a laptop and a cell phone or setting up a Facebook profile). Quite a lot of advice was connected with health, such as to sleep enough, to eat regularly, to not smoke, to relax and to restrict alcohol consumption. The recommendations gained in this survey were categorised by thematic similarities to characteristics, knowledge, skills, behaviour and background. The findings highlight the fact that given recommendations for effective study differ by the respondent’s gender and faculty. Women concentrated more on recommendations on how to behave and men mentioned more often what personality characteristics are important for effective university study. Students of the Faculty of Multimedia Communications highlighted the necessity of creativity and practical experience more often than others. 相似文献
58.
Kaplar Marija Radović Slaviša Veljković Kristina Simić-Muller Ksenija Marić Miroslav 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2022,20(2):411-433
International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education - The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of the Interactive Learning Materials Triangle (iLMT) on the learning and knowledge... 相似文献
59.
Mornar Mirta Marušić Iris Šabić Josip 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2022,37(4):1237-1254
European Journal of Psychology of Education - In this study, we examined the mediating role of academic self-efficacy and motivational learning strategies in the relationship between personality... 相似文献
60.
We investigated how adolescents (sixth-graders, N = 357) morally evaluated hypothetical bullying and defending protagonists and whether these evaluations related to behavior in bullying as nominated by peers. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) resulted in four factors for the evaluation of the hypothetical bullies: Evil soul, Contempt, Cowardice, and Deviance, and five factors for the evaluation of the hypothetical defender: General admiration, Courage, Cool, Empathic care, and Fair justice. Corresponding scales were constructed. The findings showed that bullying positively correlated with evaluating the hypothetical bullies using Cowardice while victimization positively correlated with evaluating the hypothetical defender in terms of General admiration, Empathic care, and Fair justice. MANOVA for each of the two sets of the evaluative scales indicated that behavioral status (bully, victim, defender, or uninvolved) had a significant effect on the moral evaluation of hypothetical bullies, and no significant effect on the moral evaluation of the hypothetical defender. 相似文献