The effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on cycling performance and acid base balance recovery in acute normobaric hypoxia

This study investigated the effects of two separate doses of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) on 4 km time trial (TT) cycling performance and post-exercise acid base balance recovery in hypoxia. Fourteen club-level cyclists completed four cycling TT’s, followed by a 40 min passive recovery in normobaric hypoxic conditions (FiO₂ = 14.5%) following one of either: two doses of NaHCO₃ (0.2 g.kg^?1 BM; SBC2, or 0.3 g.kg^?1 BM; SBC3), a taste-matched placebo (0.07 g.kg^?1 BM sodium chloride; PLA), or a control trial in a double-blind, randomized, repeated-measures and crossover design study. Compared to PLA, TT performance was improved following SBC2 (p = 0.04, g = 0.16, very likely beneficial), but was improved to a greater extent following SBC3 (p = 0.01, g = 0.24, very likely beneficial). Furthermore, a likely benefit of ingesting SBC3 over SBC2 was observed (p = 0.13, g = 0.10), although there was a large inter-individual variation. Both SBC treatments achieved full recovery within 40 min, which was not observed in either PLA or CON following the TT. In conclusion, NaHCO₃ improves 4 km TT performance and acid base balance recovery in acute moderate hypoxic conditions, however the optimal dose warrants an individual approach.     

New Visuality in Art/Science: A Pedagogy of Connection for Cognitive Growth and Creativity

New visuality in art/science pedagogies challenges teachers to rethink their curriculum and the role of digital new media in facilitating conceptual thinking and the role of the creative representation of knowledge. Recent neuroscientific research on cognition, perception, memory, and emotion inform and provoke implications for 21st-century learning. Analysis of student artwork uncovers pedagogical challenges for teachers. Teachers use visual learning and its forms of higher process thinking to allow students to make cognitive connections with images, giving them the capacity to integrate concepts for the communication of art/science learning. Examples of student learning from years 3–5 and 15–17 illustrate these ideas.     

Match-Fixing: Working Towards an Ethical Framework

How does match-fixing, or other unfair manipulation of matches, that involves under-performance by players, or refereeing and umpiring that prevents fair competition, be thought of in ethical terms? In this article, I outline the different forms that match-fixing can take and seek to comprehend these disparate scenarios within Kantian, Hegelian and contractualist ethical frameworks. I tentatively suggest that, by developing an ethical opposition to match-fixing in sport, we can give much greater substance to popular phrases such as ‘respect for the game’, encompassing the value of sport itself and respect for other players, fans, sponsors and organisers. Arguing that match-fixing denies recognition to these ‘others’ demonstrates how fundamentally match-fixing ‘hollows out’ sport because a fixed match is of no worth: the whole value of the game has literally been evacuated.     

Analysis of Open Access Landscape

This paper is created by bounding 5 editorials of Public Library of Science （PLoS） which have written on various aspects of open access. It covers wide range topics of important open access issues, such as from paying for open access to copyright to open access as a public issue, which may be more or less of interest of our audience.     

A call for more mixed methods in sport management research

Despite the popularity and strong advocacy for combining quantitative and qualitative methods, few mixed methods approaches are found in the sport management research. As a result, this article examines the frequency with which mixed methods research has been used in recent sport management research, and demonstrates ways in which mixed methods can help improve the validity of research findings in sport management related topics. Because research in sport management often is concerned with causal questions, this article provides mixed methods designs for improving causal inference. Examples are provided from three areas of sport management research, including marketing, organizational behavior, and finance. The designs that are provided are based on the mixed methods design dimensions of time order and priority of quantitative and qualitative data.     

2008年票据印刷业展望

OutputLinks是世界HVTO（high volume transaction output，大批量票据印刷）领域重要的信息资源公司之一，目前其已与科印传媒建立了合作伙伴关系。《数码印刷》杂志将从本期起，增设OutputLinks专栏，刊登来自OutputLinks的精彩报道，为中国印刷界，特别是票据印刷领域的专业人士提供更高质量的资讯服务。本期专栏．OutputLinks公司首席执行官Andy Plata先生、首席运营官Julie Plata女士将和大家分享他们对票据印刷行业的观点和看法。     

美国总统竞选带给印刷业的启示

Andy：2009年1月20日，美国第44任总统就职。这次历史上首位非洲裔美国总统的就职典礼吸引了全世界的目光，成为电视史上最受人关注的事件。美国参议员Dtanne Feinstein称这次就职典礼为“世界的就职典礼”。我和Julie也认为它是世界上最具影响力的跨媒体宣传运动之一。     

Learning Both Ways

Few accounts of drama projects and their value for pupils with moderate learning difficulties and other types of special educational needs have appeared in the journal. Andy Kempe, lecturer in drama in education, Reading University, helps to fill this gap by giving an evaluative account of a TVEI-funded drama project which he coordinated.