工程图样中重影点标注常见错误探讨

重影点不仅是工程制图中的一个重要概念,而且也是作图求解某些问题的重要理论依据.近年来出版的教材在作图求解的例图中,存在对重影点标注不规范的现象;甚至有些教材中另外加注的规定还淡化了重影点的概念.该文详细论述了重影点的概念、标注原则,以及如何标注空间点、线、面对某一投影面投影;同时又进一步详细分析了有些教材中在作图求解的例图中出现的重影点标注的错误,并给出了如何正确的标注.     

Effects of inspiratory muscle training in professional women football players: a randomized sham-controlled trial

This study was conducted to determine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory and peripheral muscles oxygenation during a maximal exercise tolerance test and on repeated-sprint ability (RSA) performance in professional women football players. Eighteen athletes were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: SHAM (n = 8) or IMT (n = 10). After a maximal incremental exercise test, all participants performed (on a different day) a time-to-exhaustion (Tlim) test. Peripheral and respiratory muscles oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy, breath-by-breath ventilatory and metabolic variables, and blood lactate concentration were measured. The RSA test was performed on a grass field. After a 6 week intervention, all athletes were reevaluated. Both groups showed increases in inspiratory muscles strength, exercise tolerance and RSA performance, however only the IMT group presented lower deoxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin blood concentrations on intercostal muscles concomitantly to an increased oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin blood concentrations on vastus lateralis muscle during Tlim. In conclusion, these results may indicate the potential role of IMT to attenuate inspiratory muscles metaboreflex and consequently improve oxygen and blood supply to limb muscles during high-intensity exercise, with a potential impact on inspiratory muscle strength, exercise tolerance and sprints performance in professional women football players.     

Is In-Class Physical Activity at Risk in Constructivist Physical Education?

Constructivist physical education emphasizes cognitive engagement. This study examined the impact of a constructivist curriculum on in-class physical activity. Caloric expenditure in metabolic equivalents (MET) and vector magnitude count (VM) data from a random sample of 41 constructivist lessons were compared with those from a random sample of 35 nonconstructivist lessons. Statistical analyses revealed that students in both curriculum conditions were active at a similarly low-moderate level (MET = 2.6 for experimental, 2.5 for comparison, p = .30). Differences (p < .05) were found between the three units within the constructivist curriculum. The findings suggest that the constructivist approach may facilitate knowledge learning with little risk of reducing in-class physical activity.     

汉语称谓语的语用功能与英译

交际过程中使用的称谓语，除表示对交际对象的直接称呼或他称称谓外，还往往蕴含着亲呢、警告、威胁、戏谐或讽刺等言外之意，或表示尊敬、提出请求、传达喜恶等话中之情。因此，称谓语的翻译必须准确反映被称谓者的身份，表达称谓者的情感，传达称谓者的语气和原语称谓的语体风格。     

浅析电子政务

电子政务不同于办公自动化,它是未来政府在信息时代的新型工作模式,是政务活动的全面电子化和网络化。是一个技术密集、资金密集的庞大系统工程。     

工程图样中尺寸标注的探讨

在绘制和阅读工程图样时,尺寸标注是一个非常重要且不易掌握的环节.详细论述了标注尺寸的基本规则及标注时的具体要求,并通过具体实例详细论述了标注尺寸的方法和步骤,以及标注尺寸时应注意的事项.     

Operational,not theoretical: A critique of the current paradigm in development communication

It has been more than 20 years since Everett Rogers first outlined the elements of the ‘new’, ‘Another Development’, ‘plurality’ paradigm of development. This paradigm was later radicalized and extended by Jan Servaes, who called it ‘multiplicity’. While the paradigm was developed in response to the shortcomings of the earlier modernization paradigm, policy makers in Third World countries continue to use the recommendations of the older paradigm.

This paper suggests that the failure of the new paradigm to replace the older one may be due to its own contradictions and inconsistencies. The paper presents the various elements of this paradigm and then critically evaluates them. It discusses why the conceptualizations in the new paradigm are not always useful, and notes that while some of the voices being used in it may be new, the ideas are really quite old. The overall purpose of the paper is to initiate a systematic critique of the new paradigm—a task the authors feel is long neglected.     

论大学生的宗教观教育

在世界全球化与我国社会主义现代化事业向纵深推进的大背景下,宗教问题在世界范围内的影响日益深广和复杂。这在客观上表明,现时代在我们这个以科学无神论教育为主导的社会主义国家对大学生进行适当的宗教观教育不仅必要而且紧迫。在慎重选择这一教育内容的同时,帮助学生树立对宗教问题应有的理性与宽容的态度是保证我们有效进行这一教育的关键。     

20世纪30年代中国生物学发展方向的一场争论及其文化根源

20世纪30年代,一场看似关于中国生物学发展方向的争论．表面上呈现出不同专业对经费资源的争夺,而当人们考查论战双方主要人物的成长过程、求学经历和社会关系后,很容易发现,这背后其实隐藏着“五四”之后新、旧文化之间的碰撞,以及两种西方哲学思想对国人的深刻影响。