国外研究生培养模式对我国研究生培养的启示

由于高校扩招,我国研究生规模逐渐增大,然而研究生的培养质量却遭到社会和企业的质疑,因此如何提高研究生培养质量是一个重要的研究课题。文章从招生方式、培养模式、导师制度、课程与考核等几个方面对比分析了国内外在研究生培养中的异同,针对国内研究生培养过程中存在的问题,提出了有益的改进和借鉴方法。     

生物措施防治土壤盐渍化的机理及研究进展

干旱、半干旱灌区土壤的次生盐渍化已严重影响农业的可持续发展和当地及周边地区的生态环境.本文简要介绍了国内外盐渍土的分布状况,次生盐渍土形成缘由和各种治理措施的优势和存在的问题;详细阐述了生物措施治理土壤次生盐渍化的机理,即灌水在盐渍地脱盐中起主导作用,茂密的植物地上冠层减缓了土壤的积盐速度,植物吸收的土壤盐分随着收获而被移除,植物地下根系改善了土壤的理化、生物学性质,有利于土壤的脱盐和减弱土壤的盐碱性;最后,简要回顾了国内利用生物措施治理盐渍化的研究现状和存在的问题,并提出今后的研究方向(豆禾混播防治土壤退化).     

就业需求导向的人力资源管理实践教学改革探索

通过对企事业单位管理人员和高校人力资源专业本科生的问卷抽样调查,深入了解了企事业单位对人力资源专业本科毕业生的能力需求以及学生对自身的认识,对高校人力资源管理专业实践教学体系的改革提出了一些对策建议,希望能为高校培养符合社会需要的人力资源管理人才提供借鏊,也使该专业的本科毕业生有更加广阔的就业前景。     

The national curriculum vs. the ideal curriculum: acknowledging student learning interests

For many students, school is a place that makes no sense; a place where students’ interests are not reflected in the curriculum. Using mixed methods research, we developed an instrument that identifies student interests. This instrument was applied in a pilot study that considered 10th-grade students from three schools in Santiago, Chile. We compared student interest and national curriculum for different factors and established how well aligned these are. The results reveal that private school students prefer subjects that require greater cognitive development, related to Young’s powerful knowledge. Students from voucher schools, on the other hand, prefer to develop their knowledge of the arts and physical education, both of which are subjects they tend to enjoy. These findings are coherent with Bernstein’s theories. This pattern is also repeated when comparing high-performing students with their low-performing counterparts, regardless of school type. The findings of this study not only help identify which subjects the students want to study, but also to understand the reasons behind their preferences. Understanding these reasons is key for developing a more contextualised curriculum that makes more sense to the students.     

学校道德教育面临的新问题

本论述学校道德教育的目的，阐述在社会主义市场经济体制下学校道德教育面临的新情况、新问题，并提出学校道德教育的方法在新形势下应实现的三个方面的转变。     

我国高考命题的范式和范式转换研究

命题研究是高考改革的重点,范式是研究命题的根本问题。自新中国成立以来,高考命题先后出现了三次命题范式和两次范式转换。首先是政治立意范式向知识立意范式的转换,随后是知识立意向能力立意范式的转换。能力立意范式已经成为高考命题的主流范式,它为高考命题工作带来了革命性的变化,对高考改革具有重要意义。在新的改革时期,命题范式正在发生变化,素质立意范式已经建立。     

Health shocks and children's school attainments in rural China

Using a long panel dataset of Chinese farm households covering the period of 1987–2002, this paper studies how major health shocks happening to household adults affect children's school attainments. We find that primary school-age children are the most vulnerable to health shocks, with their chances to enter middle school dropping by 9.9 percentage points when a prime-age adult in their families has a major illness. Our robustness regressions that try to take care of the composition bias in illness reports find larger effects with the upper bound being 16.1 percentage points. We also find that the effects of health shocks vary by gender and birth order. However, middle school-age children are not affected by family health shocks.     

第三方开放同行评议模式研究

第三方开放同行评议逐步成为开放科学环境下预印本质量控制的有效途径和学术期刊同行评议的有益补充。本文对第三方开放同行评议的发展历程进行梳理,将第三方开放同行评议服务的开展方式归纳为第三方平台的评议和出版服务、预印本平台采用的第三方服务以及学术期刊采用的第三方服务3种主要形式。在此基础上,从评议对象与评议内容呈现方式、评议质量控制机制、评议人激励机制、学术社区建设等方面对第三方开放同行评议模式的特点进行分析,阐述其优越性,并结合国内同行评议现状总结该模式对我国业界的启示与借鉴。     

A clash of fundamental assumptions: Can/should we measure physical literacy?

The special issue of the Journal of Teaching in Physical Education (JTPE)~1 on physical literacy (PL) has provided much needed information about measuring and assessing student learning in terms of the well-defined and yet abstract concept.Multiple authors have elaborated from diverse educational and psychometric perspectives on the development of the construct,the measurement model,and the assessment of the construct.In this attempt,many issues associated with the conception of PL were clarified and insightful information and arguments were brought forward.In this regard,the special issue has moved our understanding of the concept one step further.More importantly,it points to a possibility to actualize the teaching of the concept in physical education (PE).     

Is in-class physical activity at risk in constructivist physical education?

Constructivist physical education emphasizes cognitive engagement. This study examined the impact of a constructivist curriculum on in-class physical activity. Caloric expenditure in metabolic equivalents (MET) and vector magnitude count (VM) data from a random sample of 41 constructivist lessons were compared with those from a random sample of 35 nonconstructivist lessons. Statistical analyses revealed that students in both curriculum conditions were active at a similarly low-moderate level (MET = 2.6 for experimental, 2.5 for comparison, p = .30). Differences (p < .05) were found between the three units within the constructivist curriculum. The findings suggest that the constructivist approach may facilitate knowledge learning with little risk of reducing in-class physical activity.