Resilience does not predict academic performance in gross anatomy

Few studies have evaluated resilience in an academic environment as it relates to academic success or failure. This work sought to assess resilience in regular and remedial students of gross anatomy during the first and second semesters of medical school and to correlate this personal trait with academic performance. Two groups of students were compared: the first group included first‐year medical students in the regular course, and the second group included first‐year medical students who did not pass the regular anatomy course and so were enrolled in the remedial course. Both groups completed anonymous surveys designed to gather demographic data and establish scores on the Connor‐Davidson resilience scale, which includes 25 statements rated zero to four on a Likert scale (maximum score 100). The average resilience score was the same for both groups, 80 ± 9. The average anatomy grades differed significantly between regular students (67± 15.0) and remedial students (61 ± 12.0). While there was no overall correlation between resilience score and anatomy grade, regular students with resilience scores of 75 or greater showed slightly better academic performance than their classmates. Similarly, remedial students with resilience scores of 87 or greater faired better academically. Resilience does not predict academic performance in gross anatomy, and further work is necessary to identify those intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence students' achievements. Anat Sci Educ. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.     

Teaching skills to promote clinical reasoning in early basic science courses

Basic and superior reasoning skills are woven into the clinical reasoning process just as they are used to solve any problem. As clinical reasoning is the central competence of medical education, development of these reasoning skills should occur throughout the undergraduate medical curriculum. The authors describe here a method of teaching reasoning skills in a clinical context during a human anatomy course. Anat Sci Educ 3:267–271, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.     

Autonomic nervous system modulation during an archery competition in novice and experienced adolescent archers

We assessed autonomic nervous system modulation through changes in heart rate variability during an archery competition as well as archery performance by comparing novice and experienced adolescent archers. Seven novice (age 14.0 ± 8.5 years, body mass index 22.9 ± 4.3 kg · m(-2), training experience 0.4 ± 0.3 years) and ten experienced archers (age 16.5 ± 10.3 years, body mass index 22.4 ± 3.1 kg · m(-2), training experience 4.1 ± 0.9 years) volunteered. Using beat-by-beat heart rate monitoring, heart rate variability was measured for 20 s before each arrow shot during two rounds of competition. We found that, compared with novices, experienced adolescent archers: (i) take more time per shot; (ii) have a higher low frequency band, square root of the mean of squared differences between successive R-R intervals (i.e. the time elapsing between two consecutive R waves in the electrocardiogram), and percentage of successive normal-to-normal intervals greater than 50 ms; and (iii) demonstrate an increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity compared with pre-competition values. We propose that these characteristics of experienced archers are appropriate for optimal performance during competition.     

Julian’s Birth

A grandmother of seven and childbirth educator shares her daughter’s successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) birth story in Switzerland.     

Relational capital wealth in an organizational context

This paper introduces a new relational capital framework providing a relationships typology between significant agents in an organizational context and offers an integrated approach to understand relationships as a key element of organizations. Some theoretical contributions in literature on strategy and organization are considered. Following this trend, our paper proposes a general relationships classification considering the four essential relationship properties and shows that these are fundamental for the development and existence of K-events during organizational activities. Based on the elements of K-events during a relationship between significant agents, we propose that the quality of any relationship, at any level of analysis, relies on the development and measurement of certain combinations of variables that are embedded in four different categories. This study explicitly shows some possible theoretical segmentation criteria or theoretical dichotomies for analyzing the concept of relationship between agents. For theorists, it provides a conceptual base for the relationships typology, and for practitioners it identifies key elements for optimal value exchanges.     

Segmentación fonológico-silábica y adquisición de la lectura: un estudio empírico

El artículo presenta una investigación cuyos resultados muestran la menor capacidad de segmentación silábica entre aquellos niños con peor habilidad lectora. Plantea también la funcionalidad, facilidad de aplicación y carácter motivador de la prueba realizada—una tarea de ordenador—para evaluar la capacidad de segmentación.     

¿Cómo se adquieren y usan los términos deícticos en lengua española? Un estudio longitudinal

Resumen

En el ámbito de estudio de la adquisición del lenguaje, la deixis se presenta como un tema importante. Se trata de un recurso lingüístico básico para el desarrollo de la comunicación, por medio del cual los interlocutores se ubican en el espacio y el tiempo estableciendo relaciones entre ellos y con los objetos, al mismo tiempo que se identifican en los roles conversacionales. Asimismo constituye una rica fuente de datos ya que su aprendizaje implica, a la vez, cierto nivel de desarrollo comunicativo, cognitivo y lingüístico, suponiendo un largo y difícil camino que el niño tiene que recorrer basta lograr su dominio. En el presente trabajo pretendemos estudiar la evolución de los términos deícticos en sus diferentes manifestaciones (persona, espacio, tiempo, modo y verbo) en niños españoles. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, desde una perspectiva funcional, con dos niñas que contaban dos años al comienzo del estudio, finalizándolo cuando cumplieron tres años, y que procedían de medios ambientales diferentes. A partir del análisis de las muestras de habla espontánea de ambas niñas, recogidas en su contexto habitual, se observó el uso que éstas hacen de los términos deícticos. Además, se tuvo en cuenta la adecuación de dicha utilización al contexto comunicativo, señalando, al mismo tiempo, las implicaciones de dicho uso en la evolución y posterior conocimiento de estos términos; así como las diferencias en relación al medio de procedencia de ambos sujetos.     

Autonomic nervous system modulation during an archery competition in novice and experienced adolescent archers

Abstract

We assessed autonomic nervous system modulation through changes in heart rate variability during an archery competition as well as archery performance by comparing novice and experienced adolescent archers. Seven novice (age 14.0 ± 8.5 years, body mass index 22.9 ± 4.3 kg · m^?2, training experience 0.4 ± 0.3 years) and ten experienced archers (age 16.5 ± 10.3 years, body mass index 22.4 ± 3.1 kg · m^?2, training experience 4.1 ± 0.9 years) volunteered. Using beat-by-beat heart rate monitoring, heart rate variability was measured for 20 s before each arrow shot during two rounds of competition. We found that, compared with novices, experienced adolescent archers: (i) take more time per shot; (ii) have a higher low frequency band, square root of the mean of squared differences between successive R-R intervals (i.e. the time elapsing between two consecutive R waves in the electrocardiogram), and percentage of successive normal-to-normal intervals greater than 50 ms; and (iii) demonstrate an increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity compared with pre-competition values. We propose that these characteristics of experienced archers are appropriate for optimal performance during competition.     

Mathematics teacher change in a collaborative environment: to what extent and how

This article reports on a study into how collaborative contexts influence the professional development of an early-career primary teacher, Julia. We describe the process of change by which Julia manages to make her planning to teach mathematics more flexible so as to adapt to student difficulties, and we analyse the role that joint reflection plays in promoting this change. In order to understand the how of this influence, we carried out an analysis of the interactions within the group from Julia’s point of view, following a dialogical approach to discourse. We believe that it is in and through the interactions that Julia constructs her interpretation of the opinions, critiques and suggestions expressed. This interpretation conditions the extent of her involvement and moulds the influence of the context on her professional development. The presence of skilled collaborators proved decisive in promoting this development.     

Intelligence capital: a capability maturity model for a software development centre

Knowledge assets have become relevant to every organization and society since they are the most valuable product and production means in the knowledge economy. But measuring intangible assets still remains a challenge. The emerging knowledge-based view is still far from being a widely accepted theory. Researchers in this field are faced with knowledge-based value dynamics, changing environments and uncertainty. Knowledge assets are embedded capabilities in individuals, organizations or societies. This research is focused on the design of artifacts that enhance Intelligence Capital. Intelligence, understood in a comprehensive manner, is a knowledge asset that leverages adaptive capabilities through information gathering, sense-making and adaptation. From this approach, developing Intelligence Capital means to increase adaptive capabilities to make better decisions supported on internal and external knowledge. The purpose of this research is to apply the Intelligence Capital framework to a Technology Development Centre at the Tecnologico de Monterrey. It is expected that through this intervention, Intelligence Capital capabilities of this Centre can be assessed and managed. This model is an innovating proposal that deals with Capital Systems, adaptive capabilities and complexity.