Inter-University Cooperation and ERASMUS: The Integration of French LEA Students in British Undergraduate University Courses

With the advent of the ERASMUS programme a new impetus has been given to the exchange of students between countries within the European Community. Having outlined the aims and objectives of ERASMUS, the authors take as a case-study the development of links between the Universities of Birmingham and Grenoble III (Stendhal University), from the initial inter-university agreemart to the creation of an ERASMUS diploma. The problems posed by diffetences in university systems and practices in Britain and France are identified. Academic issues discussed include the relative merits of contrastive and complementay study programmes, the tailoring of course packages to the needs of specific groups of students, linguistic difficulties, assessment and validation procedures. After a brief consideration of practical arrangements, the article concludes with an evaluation of lessons which are to be learnt and of the extent to which such an initiative might be said to fulfil the ideals of the ERASMUS program.     

Creativity, trust and systematic processes in product development

This paper addresses the challenge of striking a balance between, on one hand, mitigating uncertainty through the existence of systematic processes and structures and, on the other, stimulating creativity through allowable variation in work processes and structures. Both objectives are fundamental aspects of product development work. Our main finding is that both objectives can be achieved simultaneously. We introduce trust as a mediating variable. We show first, that being systematic in the processes for obtaining information and applying explicit organizational rules and structures in product development work creates an atmosphere of trust in the organization. Second, we show that trust increases creativity. The paper contributes to an understanding of how and why trust is important in product development organizations and of how trust can be actively managed. Above all, the paper contributes to the understanding of how uncertainty and creativity should be managed in organizations conducting product development.     

基于功能主义角度的赖斯文本类型翻译理论

赖斯是德国功能主义翻译理论的先导人物,她在著作<翻译批评的可能性与限制>中提出文本类型理论,把文本分为"信息型"、"表达型"和"诱导型"的三种类型,本文就该理论的形成、意义和局限性进行了初步探讨.     

Spelling consistency affects reading in young Dutch readers with and without dyslexia

Lexical-decision studies with experienced English and French readers have shown that visual-word identification is not only affected by pronunciation inconsistency of a word (i.e., multiple ways to pronounce a spelling body), but also by spelling inconsistency (i.e., multiple ways to spell a pronunciation rime). The aim of this study was to compare the reading behavior of young Dutch readers with dyslexia to the behavior of readers without dyslexia. All students participated in a lexical-decision task in which we presented pronunciation-consistent words and pseudowords. Half of the pronunciation-consistent stimuli were spelling consistent and the other half were spelling inconsistent. All three reader groups, that is, students with dyslexia, age-match students, and reading-match students, read spelling-consistent words faster than spelling-inconsistent words. Overall reading speed of students with dyslexia was similar to that of reading-match students, and was substantially slower than that of age-match students. The results suggest that reading in students with or without dyslexia is similarly affected by spelling inconsistency. Subtle qualitative differences emerged, however, with respect to pseudoword identification. The conclusion was that the findings were best interpreted in terms of a recurrent-feedback model.     

数据论文国内外发展研究综述

[目的/意义]数据密集型科学范式增加了科学数据共享的重要性和紧迫性。数据论文作为一种新兴的数据出版模式,成为国内外相关领域研究热点。调研国内外相关文献,希望为我国数据论文与数据期刊实践与研究提供参考与借鉴。[方法/过程]基于国内外文献调研,从数据论文的概念、出版模式、不同主体的态度、当前模式的缺陷及未来发展方向几方面介绍和评述数据论文这一数据出版模式的发展情况。[结果/结论]数据论文为解决数据出版中的归属、激励、质量和引用等问题提供了新思路,近年来受到国内外相关领域和主体的广泛关注。与国外相比,国内在实践和研究中存在一些不足,建议研究中关注国内数据期刊的发展,加大对具体问题的研究深度,实践中借鉴国外经验,结合国内特点,从平台、渠道、政策等多方面完善和推广这一新兴数据出版模式。