21世纪我国公共图书馆的发展趋势及其模式

在21世纪的知识经济社会中，图书馆必须走社会化和国际化的道路，在发展布局上实行分散化和小型化；在事业管理上，实行宏观调控与微观管理相结合，形成统筹规划，集中管理，分工协作，互相补充的图书馆事业网络；在服务方式上，走内涵发展道路，创造效益型的特色服务，充分发挥公共图书馆的优势和独特作用。     

信息技术与图书馆发展

论述了现代信息技术的飞速发展对图书馆的部门结构、人员素质、基础业务、服务模式及图书馆未来的发展方向等几个问题所起的作用，认为图书馆在信息技术环境下得到了空前的发展。     

Isokinetic knee extension and vertical jumping: are they related?

The aim of this study was to examine joint power generation during a concentric knee extension isokinetic test and a squat vertical jump. The isokinetic test joint power was calculated using four different methods. Five participants performed concentric knee extensions at 0.52, 1.57, 3.14 and 5.23 rad x s(-1) on a Lido isokinetic dynamometer. The squat vertical jump was performed on a Kistler force plate. Kinematic data from both tests were collected and analysed using an ELITE optoelectronic system. An inverse dynamics model was applied to measure knee joint moment in the vertical jump. Knee angular position data from the kinematic analysis in the isokinetic test were used to derive the actual knee angular velocity and acceleration, which, in turn, was used to correct the dynamometer moment for inertial effects. Power was measured as the product of angular velocity and moment at the knee joint in both tests. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between mean (+/- s) peak knee joint power in the two tests (squat vertical jump: 2255 +/- 434 W; isokinetic knee extension: 771 +/- 81 W). Correlation analysis revealed that there is no relationship between the peak knee joint power during the vertical jump and the slow velocity isokinetic tests. Higher isokinetic velocity tests show better relationships with the vertical jump but only if the correct method for joint power calculation is used in the isokinetic test. These findings suggest that there are important differences in muscle activation and knee joint power development that must be taken into consideration when isokinetic tests are used to predict jumping performance.     

论中华民族传统体育的竞赛化——兼与《对云南省第八届少数民族运动会的反思》一文作者商榷

中华民族传统体育的竞赛化随着每四年一届的全国少数民族传统体育运动会的举办,而得以不断强化。运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法对民族传统体育的竞赛化所引发的文化变迁进行分析,认为中华民族传统体育的竞赛化既是其规范发展的过程,又是其特色逐渐褪祛或丧失的过程,提出应理性地认识中华民族传统体育竞赛化过程中的异化危机。     

广西北部湾经济区民族传统体育文化研究之一——北海疍家传统体育研究

北海＂水上居民＂疍家是一个＂以海为生、以舟楫为家＂的特殊群体,其传统体育具有鲜明的海洋文化特征。随着时代的变迁,疍家上岸后,他们的生产生活环境发生了很大的改变,对传统体育文化也产生着重要的影响。     

Credibility battles in the autism litigation

That vaccines do not cause autism is now a widely accepted proposition, though a few dissenters remain. An 8-year court process in the US federal vaccine injury compensation court ended in 2010 with rulings that autism was not an adverse reaction to vaccination. There were two sets of trials: one against the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and one against the mercury-based preservative thimerosal. The MMR story is more widely known because of publicity surrounding the main proponent of an MMR-autism link, British doctor Andrew Wakefield, but the story of thimerosal in court is largely untold. This study examines the credibility battles and boundary work in the two cases, illuminating the sustaining world of alternative science that supported the parents, lawyers, researchers, and expert witnesses against vaccines. After the loss in court, the families and their advocates transformed their scientific arguments into an indictment of procedural injustice in the vaccine court. I argue that the very efforts designed to produce legitimacy in this type of lopsided dispute will be counter-mobilized as evidence of injustice, helping us understand why settling a scientific controversy in court does not necessarily mean changing anyone's mind.     

Creativity, trust and systematic processes in product development

This paper addresses the challenge of striking a balance between, on one hand, mitigating uncertainty through the existence of systematic processes and structures and, on the other, stimulating creativity through allowable variation in work processes and structures. Both objectives are fundamental aspects of product development work. Our main finding is that both objectives can be achieved simultaneously. We introduce trust as a mediating variable. We show first, that being systematic in the processes for obtaining information and applying explicit organizational rules and structures in product development work creates an atmosphere of trust in the organization. Second, we show that trust increases creativity. The paper contributes to an understanding of how and why trust is important in product development organizations and of how trust can be actively managed. Above all, the paper contributes to the understanding of how uncertainty and creativity should be managed in organizations conducting product development.     

流程柔性研究:组织双元性理论的借鉴

首先回顾了各类组织柔性研究的内涵;然后围绕定义、需求决定因素、分类和实现途径四个角度,剖析并阐明了有助于流程柔性研究的概念性框架;最后借鉴组织双元性理论的相关思想,对未来相关研究提出了一个基于流程双元性概念的实现研究框架。