Teaching critical thinking: an investigation of a task in introductory macroeconomics

This paper is an investigation of understandings of critical thinking from two teaching perspectives: academic staff and tutors. It explores critical thinking as situated within an assessment task in introductory macroeconomics. This study found that while the two academic staff conceptualized critical thinking as a set of concrete cognitive skills, the tutors challenged this notion. Although tutors used the way of understanding critical thinking identified by the academic staff in their teaching and marking, they also discussed broader notions of critical thinking that they saw as a fundamental aspect of the discipline. The paper examines the multiple constructions of critical thinking in this setting and its broader implications.     

Common legacy,different paths: the transformation of educational systems in the Czech Republic,Slovakia, Hungary and Poland

The goal of this work is to better understand the institutional changes in the educational systems of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. We demonstrate that the educational reforms implemented during the transformation introduced very different institutional arrangements in the four countries, despite the fact that their systems shared many common characteristics at the beginning of the 1990s. Differences between the national approaches to educational reforms are particularly reflected in the modes of education decentralisation, the level of school autonomy, accountability and funding mechanisms. We believe that different institutional arrangements may have contributed to the divergent achievements of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland in the PISA programme.     

Revisiting free school meal eligibility as a proxy for pupil socio‐economic deprivation

Whether someone has ever had free school meal (FSM) eligibility over a six‐year period is the measure of socio‐economic disadvantage currently used in the English school system. It is used to monitor the socio‐economic gap in achievement in the education system, to identify particular children at risk of low achievement and to direct funding to particular children and schools. In this paper we assess how well this measure predicts pupil attainment in secondary school in comparison to other measures of socio‐economic background known to influence pupil attainment, such as parental education or income. We ask whether the FSM measure is an adequate proxy for a pupil's socio‐economic disadvantage in an educational context. To do this we draw on the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England and matched administrative data. We find that the FSM eligibility measure correlates highly with other measures of socio‐economic disadvantage, however it does not identify all children living in what would be deemed deprived households. We then compare the extent to which the FSM eligibility measure predicts educational achievement relative to other measures of deprivation and find that its predictive power is only marginally lower than many richer survey measures. This provides some reassurance on its use in policy.     

Enhancing quality with a research-based student feedback instrument: a comparison of veterinary students’ learning experiences in two culturally different European universities

This paper explores the value of a research-based student inventory from the quality assurance point of view in two culturally different European higher education institutions for veterinary education. Perceived heavy workload is a well-known problem in veterinary studies and is a challenge to the quality of learning. First- and third-year students in both institutions responded to an inventory consisting of items regarding their approaches to learning, self-efficacy, study workload and the teaching-learning environment. There were differences in students’ approaches to learning and perceived workload between the two institutions. In both contexts, the strongest predictor of the workload turned out to be the surface approach to learning. Self-efficacy showed a positive correlation with the deep approach to learning and organised studying. The strengths of the teaching-learning environment varied between the institutions. Moreover, the present study discusses how the gained information could be used in improving the teaching-learning environment and students’ learning.     

一个关于磁力作功的计算问题再研究

从分析一个磁力作功问题的实例出发，指出公式A=IΔф成立的条件，并通过建立与回路相应的微分方程组，进而求得磁力作功的更为一般的计算式。     

多点触控虚拟解剖系统在耳鼻咽喉科教学中的应用策略探讨

目的:探讨多点触控虚拟解剖系统在耳鼻咽喉科教学中的应用。方法:选取苏州大学医学院临床医学专业本科生的两个班级学生(A和B班),A为对照组,B为观察组,对两组学生分别进行传统教学以及多点触控虚拟解剖系统教学并评估学习效果。结果:观察组学生中同意新教学模式可提高学习热情、提升实践水平、拉近师生关系、强化知识点记忆以及树立团队合作意识的人员数量显著大于对照组(P<0.05);且在理论知识、考试成绩方面优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:多点触控虚拟解剖系统在耳鼻咽喉教学中的应用存在重要的意义与价值。     

铁基PbO2电极的电沉积制备和表征

采用电沉积方法制备PbO2/Fe电极,研究了电镀液配方、电沉积温度、电流密度、添加剂以及底层(SnO2 Sb2O3)的制备对电极外观、电极的导电性能和使用寿命的影响.采用正交实验法得出了制备铁基PbO2电极的最佳工艺条件:先在低温40℃、大电流密度55mA/cm2条件下电沉积2h制备α-PbO2底层,而后在高温70℃、小电流密度35mA/cm2条件下沉积4h制备β-PbO2.     

明代朝贡贸易衰败的经济原因探析

明代建立了一套完备的朝贡贸易体系。隆庆元年,漳州月港的开放标志着朝贡贸易体系解体,朝贡贸易也随着衰败,其解体的经济原因主要是贡品对国内经济发展价值不大;朝贡贸易违背了等价交换原则;朝贡贸易程序复杂费用高,使明政府在贸易中得不偿失。     

学生突发事件应急处理探讨

构建学生突发事件应急处理预案是有效预防、及时控制和消除学生突发事件的危害，保障在校学生身心健康和生命安全，维护正常的校园秩序，营造良好育人环境的有效方法，也是新时期学生工作的重点。本文从对学生突发事件应急处理预案的认识，对学生突发事件的管理原则、预警机制、处理办法做了探索，力求为预防和高效处理学生突发应急事件提供参考。