Museums,schools and geographies of cultural value

This article explores a paradox and a possibility that have emerged from two pieces of policy-related research concerning educational use of museums within England. The paradox relates to the use of museums which, whilst widely perceived as rather elitist institutions, appear from a postcode analysis of school visits to museums to be visited by large numbers of schools located in areas of social deprivation. The present analysis further explores this paradox, drawing on revised postcode analysis and governmental indices of multiple deprivation and income deprivation affecting children. The analysis supports the contention that museums attracted visits from schools located in areas with some of the highest levels of deprivation, although it suggests that this result needs to be considered in relation to regional differences in areas of social deprivation, the location of museums and the differences between individual and area-based measures of deprivation. Attention is then drawn to the potential of considering museums through a geographical perspective, and specifically through Foucault's notions of primary, secondary and tertiary spatializations. It is argued that primary spatializations encompasses how museums are conceptualized and classified; secondary spatializations concern how various elements of museums are articulated together; and tertiary spatializations relate to the placement of museums in wider societal contexts and processes. It is suggested that the postcode analysis of school visits points both to the significance of considering tertiary spatializations relating to the social circumstances of museum visitors but also raised questions concerning primary spatializations of museums. Attention is drawn to changes in the classification and grouping of museums, and how these often encompass geographically based criteria related to the social reach of museums. The article ends by considering the degree to which museums might seek to further change their primary spatialization to reflect tertiary spatializations relating to cultural value.     

‘We Have to Go Where the Money Is’—Dilemmas in the Role of Nutrition Scientists: An Interview Study

In Western societies scientists are increasingly expected to seek media exposure and cooperate with industry. Little attention has been given to the way such expectations affect the role of scientific experts in society. To investigate scientists’ own perspectives on these issues eight exploratory, in-depth interviews were conducted in Denmark with reputable nutrition scientists. Additionally, eight interviews were held with ‘key informants’ from the field of nutrition policy. It was found that nutrition scientists experience two dilemmas: first, between their aspiration to make a collective impact on public health and the powerful incentives of each to appear frequently in the media with new messages; second, between their need to cooperate with the food industry for financial reasons and their fear that this may compromise their independence and scientific integrity. It is argued that the dilemmas identified in this study should be dealt with openly by the relevant groups of scientists.     

体育舞蹈对女大学生身体形态、素质、生理机能的影响

为探讨体育舞蹈对女大学生身体形态、素质和生理机能的影响,随机抽取广西师范大学等3所高校共60名女生进行20周的体育舞蹈锻炼,对锻炼前后身体形态、素质和生理机能等一系列指标进行对比分析。结果显示：长期的体育舞蹈锻炼能使受试者的胸围、腰围、大腿围有明显下降（P〈0．05）,立定跳远、坐位体前屈、台阶指数、单足支撑（s）明显提高（P〈0．01）,晨脉、动脉血压明显下降（P〈0．05）;肺活量、VO2max明显提高（P〈0．01）。结论：长期的体育舞蹈锻炼能有效改善女大学生的身体形态,明显增强呼吸系统、心肺功能,并显著提高女大学生的耐力素质、柔韧素质及平衡能力。     

论新中国体育史分期——兼与吴在田先生等商榷

历史研究必然涉及分期问题.现有新中国体育史著述中存在各种不同的分期观点,其中值得商榷的问题是分期依据和分期单位.基于这些问题的分析,探讨新的分期方式,最后提出的具体分期主张是:以1979年2月的全国体工会为界,将新中国体育史分为前后30年两个大的时期.将前30年分为5个阶段,其中的4个节点是:1952年11月"中央体委"成立;1956年6月全国农村体育工作会议召开;1966年12月国家体委副主任荣高棠被"打倒";1976年10月粉碎"四人帮".后30年分成3个阶段,其中的2个节点是:1984年10月十二届三中全会召开;1992年3月"红山口会议"召开.     

户外运动俱乐部活动组织的风险管理操作程序研究

采用参与观察法、专家访谈法、文献资料法对户外运动俱乐部活动的组织风险管理进行研究,运用风险管理技术,结合户外运动及户外活动组织的特点,对户外活动组织中的风险进行确认、区分和选择有效的处理风险方式,旨在建立一套标准的户外运动俱乐部活动组织的风险管理操作程序。     

全美高校竞技体育联合会的管理原则

根据全美高校竞技体育职合会１９９６年的改革方案及发展宗旨,全美高校竞技体育 合会确立了大不自我控制和全权负责、学生运动员身心健康、男女平等、学术标准、服从规则、公平竞赛、业余体育、招生条例、资格审查、经费资助等１６条基本的管理原则,为今天全美高校竞技体育联合会的蓬勃发展奠定了理论基础。     

美国NCAA篮球联赛的发展历程

NCAA篮球联赛经过62年的发展，目前已形成了预赛、64强淘汰赛和决赛(四强赛)3个阶段。NCAA联赛的赛程分为东部、西部、中西部和南部四区，每区有16队，由高种子球队与低种子球队分别捉对厮杀，采取单淘汰制，连胜四场取得分区冠军后，即进入最后四强，由四支分区冠军队伍中再产生总冠军。     

On the role of cultural participation in tourism destination performance: an assessment using robust conditional efficiency approach

The relationship between culture and tourism has been widely investigated from different perspectives. A large strand of literature studies the role of cultural heritage to attract tourists, while a rich bulk of studies on cultural participation investigates the impact of tourism flows on the demand for culture. Another aspect worth investigating relates to the link between cultural participation and the performance of tourism destinations (TDs), as a higher cultural participation in an area could boost the performance in the management of tourism resources. However, so far, this issue has been disregarded in the literature, and this paper aims at filling this gap. Specifically, it studies the effect of cultural participation on TDs’ performance using a conditional efficiency approach that ensures robust inference on the role of environmental factors. We employ data on the Italian regions for the period 2004–2010, and we explore the role of cultural participation for tourism by using several indicators. Our findings offer empirical support to the positive role of cultural participation and, thus, suggest that public cultural policies might also boost the efficiency of the tourism sector.     

黑龙江省城市青少年课余冰雪体育参与现状研究

青少年是我国竞技运动的后备人才库,是我国未来冰雪体育发展的主力军.采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法对黑龙江省城市青少年参与课余冰雪体育的现状进行调查.研究发现,黑龙江城市青少年课余冰雪体育活动开展情况不容乐观,学校作为青少年参与冰雪体育活动的主要阵地,存在场地不足、教师指导不专业等问题.进一步分析了家庭、社会力量、政府对青少年课余生活的重要影响作用.在分析青少年课余冰雪体育活动参与现状与存在的主要问题基础上提出鼓励青少年参与冰雪运动、学校加大对冰雪场地设施建设、家长给予态度上的鼓励和物质上的支持等解决对策,为黑龙江省城市青少年更好的参与课余冰雪体育活动提供借鉴与参考.     

A multilevel approach for the damage assessment of Historic masonry towers

In the paper some case studies of damaged towers in Italy are presented: the Tower Masserano of Palace Ferrero - La Marmora at Biella, the bell tower of the Collegiata of San Vittore at Arcisate, and three medieval towers in Alba. A methodology is put forward for combining laboratory and nondestructive testing methods with monitoring systems in order to reach the goal of evaluating the state of conservation of historic towers and its evolution in time.