A multivariate study of the relationship of parental management to self-esteem and initial drug response in Hyperkinetic/Mbd boys

The present paper examines the relationship between the judge-rated and self-and spouse-reported parenting characteristics of the mothers and fathers of 83 Hyperkinetic/MBD boys, the rated self-esteem of these boys at referral, and their clinical response to CNS medication. Stepwise multiple regression analyses identified five predictors of Self-Esteem Deficits. The direction of the relationships is such that mothers of children with more severe Self-Esteem Deficits did not describe themselves as too strict, were rated higher in the direction of hostility, listed fewer self-reported shortcomings, and described their husbands as too demanding. Fathers of these lower self-esteem boys tended not to describe themselves as too demanding. The size of the multiple correlation indicates that 21% of the measured variation in Self-Esteem Deficits is accounted for by variation in these five significant parenting variables. The severity of Self-Esteem Deficits in these HK/MBD boys is also significantly correlated with the severity of Negative Affect, Aggressive Interpersonal Behavior, and Impulse Control Deficits, three variables which form a factor labelled Aggression. Another stepwise multiple regression analysis identified four predictors of initial response to CNS stimulant medication. The direction of the relationships is such that a more positive drug response is correlated with more inattention in the child, more self-reported mother short comings, more rated love than hostility in the father, and the mother not describing herself as too short-tempered. The size of the multiple correlation indicates that 19% of the measured variation in response to medication is accounted for by variation in these four significant symptom and parenting variables.     

Philosophical differences between early childhood education and special education: Issues for school psychologists

Increasingly, professional psychologists are extending their services from school-age children to young handicapped children. Psychological intervention and education issues regarding this group of children are complicated by the fact that the field of early childhood special education itself is in its infancy. This article presents the emerging field of early childhood special education, clarifies some major concerns in educating young handicapped children, and raises issues for school psychologists working in this area.     

Cross-validation of the factor structure of the McCarthy scales for kindergarten children

This study was designed to cross-validate the factor structure of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities for children 5 to 6 1/2 years of age. A factor analysis was performed on a group of 105 children with a mean General Cognitive Index (GCI) of 115.42. The subjects ranged in age from 4–11 to 6–7 with a mean age of 5–6. The age variable was partialled from each score using multiple regression procedures. Five factors were generated, including Verbal Comprehension, Quantitative-Reasoning, Memory, Perceptual-Performance, and Motor factors. These data were subsequently compared to Kaufman's factor analytic studies with the McCarthy standardization group, and to the scale structure of the instrument. In general, the overall factor pattern of this study provides further evidence of the construct validity of the McCarthy Scales for kindergarten children.     

From the Triple Helix to a Quadruple Helix? The Case of Dip-Pen Nanolithography

In this article, we propose four modifications to the standard Triple Helix innovation model, which consists of the three strands: university, government, industry. First, in view of recent economic, cultural, organizational and ideological changes in many countries, it is now important to introduce a fourth strand to the standard model, namely society. Second, we observe that strands occur in doublets which we refer to as binomials. Examples of doublets include university/society, university/industry, industry/society, etc. Third, the binomials are organized in a hierarchic mode; for example in the university/society binomial, university may be dominant and the society secondary. The hierarchy arrangement proves decisive. Fourth, Helix-driven innovation processes take the form of temporary segmented phases. Using the case study of Dip-Pen nanolithography, we identify four phases where each phase is characterised by specific binomials accompanied by a hierarchy: academic instrument research (university/society); from instrument to tool; company start-up (university/industry); the mature firm and commercialization (industry/society); confirming the societal strand “nanofication”(society/industry). The government strand operates as a recessive component in phases one and four.     

Needs Assessment as a Change Strategy: A Case Study

Needs assessment provides a tool for gathering data which, when applied back upon the situation it addresses, becomes a first step in a change process. A major criticism of needs assessment has been that frequently the process is an exercise, and that the results are seldom actually applied in the planning process. The question arises whether the process, separate from the intended results, can be beneficial to the organization. This article documents a case study in which needs assessment and a change model were applied in conjunction with each other in such a way that the needs assessment process, independent of data collected, served as a change strategy. In this case, while the results of the needs assessment were important to the planning process, the needs assessment process itself, independent of its conclusions, also contributed to the organization's change goals.